Introduction:
The skin is the largest organ of the integumentary system covering a total area of about 20 square feet with multifunctional purpose of protecting the body from heat, microbes, regulating body temperature and as well as acting as a sensory organ.1A healthy and glowing skin is what one desires for. But skin being extensively exposed to the environment, it undergoes physiological changes leading to dermatological diseases like psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, fungal infections to severe conditions like squamous cell carcinomas. Apart from environmental factors, hormonal imbalance also plays a major role in various skin disease like acne, cellulite. In order to prevent and cure various skin diseases, topical products are widely dominating
…show more content…
A topical dosage form applied on the skin will have to cross the stratum corneum which would then allow the dosage form to traverse the subsequent layers of skin. The stratum corneum acts as a lipophilic barrier to xenobiotics thereby acting as body’s defence mechanism.3There exist three possible routes by which the drug molecule can permeate the skin ie. intracellular, intercellular and appendageal pathway. Hydrophilic molecules with log k < 1 traverse through the intracellular pathway whereas lipophilic molecules with log k >3 prefer intercellular route.4,5Drugs with a molecular weight of < 500 daltons can easily permeate the skin.6 Drug molecules with > 500 daltons require a permeation enhancer for assisting in diffusion of the drug across the skin and thereby reducing the resistance offered by the stratum corneum. Natural oils act as an excellent penetration enhancer. They work by 1) by disordering the intercellular lipid structures present between the corneocytes in the stratum corneum 2) making the stratum corneum more permeable by altering the
1. The clear, keratinized portion of a fingernail is known as the nail _PLATE_. It has a root, body, and free edge.
In 1975, seemingly absurd predictions made in Rachel’s Carlson Silent Spring (1962) on human health and ecosystem hazards caused by DDT materialized in our James River, Virginia. Irresponsible chemical disposure from Life Science Products made workers ill from neurotoxin exposure, suffering from symptoms of nosebleeds, headaches, chest pains, and dizziness from neurotoxin exposure (Goldfarb, William). Ecosystem was destroyed animals leaving the area with 200,000 pounds of Kepone found on almost all land surfaces, and parts of the river (Wilson, Sarah).
Identify at least five organ systems in this region of the arm that the surgeon would have
The Integumentary System is mainly composed skin, hair, and nails. These things are usually found outside the body and are meant to protect the body from outside factors. Usually when the body receives a cut, your Integumentary System, works with other systems like the nervous system and the immune system to heal that wound. Minor things like lacerations, abrasions, and small puncture wounds don’t bleed very much. The Integumentary System, along with other systems, help it to heal fast. When you get major injuries; it can be more difficult to repair and can sometimes lead to cell damage. Deep puncture wounds, avulsions, and burns are some very major injuries that can affect your body in a number of ways. Burns can be either partial-thickness
When people think of the largest organ of the body, they tend to think of the liver. However, the largest organ of the human body is the skin. The skin covers your literally your entire body. There are many aspects of the Integumentary System as well. Not only that, an abundance of skin illness that not only affect the outer layer of the skin, but in all the lower layers as well.
Although the accepted normal pH of skin is 5.5, it varies between 5 and 6.31 The pH is affected by factors, such as moistness and temperature, that make the environment more acidic or alkaline because of their effects on hydrogen ion activity. There are inverse relationships between pH and both moistness and temperature. Increased skin pH (more alkaline) causes dry and itchy skin. In addition, slightly acidic skin pH (5.5, on average) is important for maintaining the skin flora within certain limits. In the present study, the mean peristomal skin pH with the use of barrier cream was closer to the normal value, which is important for maintaining skin integrity and preventing
-Most of the functions of the integumentary system primarily involves defending your body and managing certain internal functions.
My discussion paper for the Integumentary System was on Vitiligo. In this article, 75 people participated in a clinical study to develop self-help for social anxiety associated with vitiligo. Vitiligo is a skin disorder from the destruction of melanin producing cells that produce white patches on the skin. The point of this study was to see if assisting in teaching self-help intervention could reduce the psychological distress caused from this disease like social anxiety, anxiety and depression. The participants were emailed self-help leaflets, which was a part of an intervention, which discussed psychoeducation, relaxation and attentional refocusing. The first part of the Intervention was asking a series of questions before they were offered
The organ systems that the frog, fish, pig, and pigeon all have is the integumentary, respiratory, and urogenital systems. According to Reece, “ The integumentary system is a system that includes the skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and tissue. It is a major organ system that functions as protection for the body shielding it from radiation, infection, physical injury, and chemicals” (879). It also plays a role in homeostasis of body temperatures and insulation with the help of perspiration. The skin has three layers of cells called the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The epidermis forms the body’s outermost protection and contains many layers of keratinocytes. These cells help the body retain the moisture it needs.
The integumentary system mainly uses two tissues of the skin, which are the dermis and epidermis.
The integumentary system is made of the biggest organ in the body which is the skin.This organ helps to protect the rest of the body from microbes and other harmful elements. It is, literally, a physical barrier to the environment and it absorbs nutrients from the sun and other sources. Also, the skin permits the sensation of touch, heat and cold but most important, it helps to regulate body temperature. This organ makes up to 12% -15% of body weight and its surface is about 1-2 meter. Because the skin it’s in a constant state of change; the cells of the outer layers are continuously shedding and they are replaced by inner cells moving up to the surface, it is said to be a dynamic
It regulates the body's temperature by movements of the hairs on the surface, different paths for the
What is homeostasis? Homeostasis is the ability or tendency of an organism or cell to maintain internal equilibrium by adjusting its physiological processes. (McGraw-Hill) How does the body maintain homeostatic balance? Each organ system helps in some way to maintain homeostasis. However, the organ systems also work together to maintain a constant internal environment. There are seven organ systems (Integumentary, Musculoskeletal, Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Respiratory, and Nervous) within the body. (McGraw-Hill)
This paper will examine the legal status of the so-called Islamic State with the aim of determining whether it is recognised as having international legal personality. Focus will also be placed on the principles of international legal personality more broadly by providing a critique on the effectiveness of these concepts in international law. Firstly a brief overview of the Islamic State will be given outlining their stated goals and information important to supporting a claim of international legal personality. Secondly we will look at the classes of established legal persons before going into each in more detail. A major consideration of this research is whether the Islamic State could be recognised as a State in international law. In answering this question the traditional criteria for statehood set out in Article I of the Montevideo Convention on Rights and Duties of States 1933 (hereinafter Montevideo Convention) will be examined along with the relevant authorities and recent developments in regards to the criteria for statehood. Secondly the consequences of where the Islamic State fits within the international legal framework will be discussed. Finally the essay will look at the effectiveness of the concept of legal personality in international law particularly in the context of the conclusion reached in relation to the Islamic State. The writings of a number of authoritative international law academics along with a range of academic journal articles have been used to
Low risk? Well, yes. The odds of being apprehended at all are very low, and