and women sexual agency. Overall, sexual consent is represented in different forms regarding both males and females and plays a role in sexual violence. Secondly, the role of rape culture in sexual violence in today society. Fraser (2015) writes that to understand rape culture is to understand the concept of ambivalent sexism that is composed of two types of sexism: hostile and benevolent sexism. Understanding these types of sexism is crucial to understand rape culture because of the structure allows sexual violence against women, like benevolent sexism and misogyny is associated with sexism. Benevolent sexism is the foundation of how the rape culture put women in a position of low agency and it continued to be put there. Fraser (2015) defines …show more content…
The nature of ambivalent sexism is opposing the components that stem for the assumptions that is vital to rape culture and finds a ways to favour and protect women as a class. Fraser (2015) declares that to trace back of rape culture it to go back to source and make more capable to treat because benevolent sexism is favourable to women and complements hostile sexism the helps with the resistance of women and gender inequality. Fraser (2015) argues that man’s ambivalent treatments towards women underlines rape culture and create a paradigm where men assume agency for the women. Men usually dehumanized women and associated women with animals and objects. The association of women and animal allows for men to make the association and are more likely to rape or sexually harass a woman. They are most likely to express victim-blaming or attitude toward women who have survived rape. Fraser (2105) confirms that “participants did not generally show a tendency to associated women with objects, when men did harbor this association, they also reported a greater willingness to engage in rape” (p. 152). Fraser (2015) observes that the behaviours and attitude that influence rape culture is relate to dehumanization of women. Fraser (2015) defines dehumanization “treating women as tool for women own purposes, as if there is no need to show concern for women feeling and experiences” (p.
Majority of the public still follows the notion of “aggressive-passive, dominant-submissive, me-Tarzan-you-Jane nature of relationship between the sexes of our culture, [which] is a close association between violence and sexuality” (Freeman, 1989). Freeman also asserted that the significantly higher population of men compared to the women is the reason for the increasing number of rape victims and that men’s hostility which eventually leads into sexual violence was a noted part of the male nature. That understanding and belief hinder the public of the full acceptance for the need global gender
1.Based on Serono’s ideas rape culture is something that cannot be solved with “single-tact solutions”. The “men-as-predator/sexual aggressor assumption” (Serano 422) allows women to believe that the man is always a predator, and therefore leads to men being aggressive leading to the cycle of rape culture. Overall to change rape culture we must change this assumption that currently dominates out thinking.
Feminist criminologists states that rape is wrong, and sometimes it is ignored, legitimised and mischaracterised. Furthermore, feminist criminologists believe that there is difference in how the crime of rape is best acknowledgeable and how rape can be prevented both legally and socially (Whisnant, 2013). Feminist criminologists suggest that there are two approaches of rape per the liberal and radical feminists. Liberal feminist’s perspectives in regards
Radical and liberal feminist theories identify sexual assault as occurring due to women’s oppression through gender role socialization and patriarchal dominance (Burgess-Proctor, 2006). Radical and liberal feminists posit that sexual assault is an act of power and
Also, “Feminist researchers have criticised the above approaches, suggesting that examining victims’ behaviour for its role in the perpetration of a crime may constitute blaming the victim, thereby holding them responsible for their plight.” (Spalek, B 2006). Feminist would also criticize the way in which the positivist approach uses victim perception to address rape victims. They would argue that this leads to victim blaming and lack of trust within the criminal justice system, this could then results in secondary victimisation.
For many decades, women have experienced all forms of oppression and constant violence that threatened their existence in the male-dominated society. Various forms of discrimination and oppression have been directed to women for decades. Violence directed at women such as rape and battery were seen and treated as isolated scenarios. However, as the need to foster gender equality took pace, such oppressive actions are now perceived as elements of a wider system of dominance in the society that that needs to be addressed as a whole rather than in singularity
Majority of the public still follows the notion of “aggressive-passive, dominant-submissive, me-Tarzan-you-Jane nature of relationship between the sexes of our culture, [which] is a close association between violence and sexuality” (Freeman, 1989). Freeman also asserted that the significantly higher population of men compared to the women is the reason for the increasing number of rape victims and that men’s hostility which eventually leads into sexual violence was a noted part of the male nature. That understanding and belief hinder the public of the full acceptance for the need global gender
Think about the lives of men and women; think about who they are because of their past experiences. Experiences, whether positive or negative, shape every individual, making their lives and personalities unique. Marie Howe writes “In the Movies” to convey that sexual traumatic experiences permanently, and negatively, impact psychological well-being and security which leads to conflict in other areas of life such as relationships with friends and family. Society plays a huge role in how women’s identities have been altered. Culture and perception also influence women’s identities with the use of gender norms, specifically rape culture, as well as the normalization of rape.
Rather it…refers to as ‘language of rape’…described as the ‘cultural scaffolding of rape’: the dominant discourses of sex and gender that position men as normatively and naturally both sexually driven and aggressive, and women as sexually passive and vulnerable…” (Nicola Gavey, 199). Gavey is basically saying that society is making excuses as to why men decide to take part in such an unethical action known as rape. Focusing too much on the fact that male authorities are the main reason for the created obstacles towards the justice of women and rape in the military, it is ignored that society’s standards and gender markers among what men and women are and how they act, is the main reason why the justice for women and rape is practically impossible and constantly being encouraged among men. The Poststructuralist Claim (Nicolas Gavey, 199) about rape creates an excuse for the prevention of
Upon reviewing the details of Why Nice Guys Finish Last, the author Julia Serano emphasizes that with society being the way it is, men tend to become “bad boys” because society and culture is brought up to believe that the way to win a womans heart and attention is by being sexually aggressive. Julia Serano argues that in order to recognize rape culture, we must first learn to understand the predator / prey mindset. In this essay, I will argue that in order to neutralize the predator / prey mindset, society needs to stop looking at women as the prey and the men as the predators. I believe that if society learns how to overlook men as being hunters and women as the prey, that would make the amount of rape occurrences drop massively.
The average man may possess everyday fears, such as embarrassment or rejection, while the common woman has to deal with the fear of being sexually assaulted. Sexual assault is any type of unconsented sexual contact, and is most frequently associated with rape. Sexual assault is a particularly sensitive issue between Feminists and Men’s Rights Activists. Feminists believe that victims are disenfranchised in society and the court of law, seen through the invalidation of victims and fear from society’s backlash, as well as authorities’ improper conduct under such cases. Men’s Rights Activists, however, carry the idea that victims are given too much trust in society, as they could make a false accusation of rape and people may believe
Sexism is the unequal treatment between sexes, more so the attitudes and beliefs about people based on their sex and is more prominent amongst women. It is the failure to give equal weight to women’s interests and is important because it undermines the welfare of one-half of the human population.
Feminist analysis has argued that the patriarchal system of gender inequalities which empowers men and oppresses women underpins sexual violence and that stratification and social control are fundamental elements in the sexual domination of women Brownmiller (1975:4).
In the past women were locked by the patriarchal system within certain roles, for example housewife, which made them dependent and subservient to men. Many people continue see the position of female as subordinate to male. Symbolic interactionism highlights that people do not merely learn the roles that society has set out for them; rather they construct their roles as they interact. In the process they greatly rely on symbols, for example words, gestures, clothes, to reach a shared understanding of their interaction. Symbolic interactionism also suggests that men use sexual abuse as a way reaffirm their masculinity or even exercise their power over one another. It is important to mention that the object of harassment is not necessarily women. Gay students are often the object of provocation. Sexual harassment can be viewed as an instrument by using which the most masculine men position themselves on the top and put the less masculine gender on the bottom. Sexual prowess became a measure of power, status, and control. Hyper masculinity is particularly cultivated in male dominated environments like fraternities and athletic teams. Although sexual abuse is sometimes normalized by the idea that men are naturally sexually aggressive and cannot resists sexual impulses, Judith Lorber views gender as a product of socialization. People “do gender” every day. Lorber argues that gender system today maintains structured gender inequality to produce a subordinate
In a different matter, violence is also sexually segregated. Gender violence often focuses against women. As a definition, this type of gender violence refers to all types of forms through which an attempt is made to perpetuate a system of hierarchy usually imposed by a patriarchal culture. It is a type of structural violence that is directed towards women in order to maintain or increase their subordination to the male gender. Likewise, this violence is expressed through behaviors and attitudes based on a sexist belief system, which accentuates the differences supported by gender stereotypes. Gender violence also takes many forms, both in the public sphere and in private contexts. Examples of this are, among others, all forms of discrimination against women at different levels (political, institutional, labor), sexual harassment, rape, the trafficking of women for prostitution, the use of the female body as an object of consumption, the segregation based on religious ideas and, of course, all the forms of physical, psychological, social, and sexual abuse that women suffer in any context, and that cause a scale of damages that can culminate in death. In this matter, Thio describes the culture of rape through “social misconceptions regarding treating women like men’s property and the constant use of women in men’s masculinity contests” which obviously contribute to their formation.