Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease characterised by small inflammatory nodules (granulomas) that affect the lungs and lymph nodes. Although it may occur at any age, it most commonly affects the 20-40 age group, and has familial tendencies. It is an autoimmune disease and the exact cause is unknown, but it is of current belief that the cause may be an infective agent or an allergy working in combination with susceptible genes. However, there is no evidence to support this theory; research is ongoing. Many people with sarcoidosis have no symptoms. Others have lung symptoms such as a dry hacking cough and shortness of breath, or eye and skin problems. Types of skin lesions that may occur include plaques, erythema nodosum (reddish, painful, tender
Presently, experiencing a cough, fatigue, fever of 100°F, and increased shortness of breath with activity for the past 5 days. Patient reports productive, “cough is a large amount of thick, tan sputum occurring day, and night, worse at night when lying on my back”. In the mornings John K has a thick, productive cough of “whitish sputum” for the last 18 months. Admits to sleeping with two pillows at night for comfort. John K, has difficulty breathing with climbing one flight of stairs and intercourse. In evaluating John K, presented sitting in tripod position with active mild respiratory distress, physically fatigued, oxygen saturation of 92% room air, respirations 24 (shallow), and temperature 99.8°F. Further physical findings identify early finger nail clubbing, moderate use of the abdominal muscles as evidence in compensating to breath, bilateral tympany on percussion, diffuse coarse crackles and few scattered end expiratory wheezes throughout bilateral lung fields. Electrolyte lab values within normal limits (no evidence of infection), ruling out pneumonia and chronic bronchitis. Chest x ray results COPD confirmed, ruling out pneumonia and chronic bronchitis. Sputum sample results normal flora congruent to COPD with no evidence to bacteria growth or pathogens identified, ruling out pneumonia and chronic bronchitis. Diagnostic
First characterized as a mild sickness characterized by adenopathy, a rash, and hardly a fever, George Maton did not think much of the disease in 1814. However, later on, a scientist by the name of Veale gave it the name of rubella in 1866. Rubella (German Measles) attracted hardly any attention before 1942, when it was discovered by Norman Gregg that birth defects were being linked with maternal rubella in the first trimester. It was until 1962 that the full gravity of rubella embryopathy remained a mystery. In that year, two different groups by the names of Neva and Weller; and Parkman, Buescher, and Artenstein; isolated and clarified rubella in a single tissue culture. (1) Utilizing the newly developed tools of the virus laboratory, several
Erythema nodosum is a type of panniculitis that affects the hypodermis of the skin, or the subcutaneous fat. Panniculitis is a group of diseases whose number one symptom is inflammation of subcutaneous adipose tissue (Braun-Falco, 2001). It typically initially manifests as a bumpy outbreak of highly touch-sensitive, red, swollen nodules on the skin. The part of the skin that becomes infected is the septa between subcutaneous fat lobules, with an absence of vasculitis and the presence of radial granulomas (Schwartz, 2007). The outbreak is usually limited to the lower legs. Chronic or recurrent erythema nodosum is rare but may occur. Erythema nodosum is recognized as a hypersensitivity reaction and
The disease that I got this time is Collapsed Lung. The cause of this is either an injury that would puncture the lung or from air blisters that form in the lung bursting. Some common characteristics or symptoms are shortness of breath and chest/ upper body pain. What is happening chemically there is a puncture/opening in the lung that causes air to escape out and get caught between the chest wall and lung. The extra air in this space doesn't allow the lung to expand as much as it should. People who smoke or are tall and thin are more likely to have this happen to them. To diagnose the disease doctors will listen to your breathing with a stethoscope to see if there are any breathing sounds or a shortness of breathing coming from one of your
Sarcoidosis is now very common and affects people around the world. It can affect people of any age, race and gender. It is most common in adults ages 20-40 and in certain ethnic groups. The most affect group in the United States is African Americans and especially women of that race. People of Asian, German, Irish, Puerto Rican and Scandinavian origin can also be victim to sarcoidosis.
There are many types of nerve agents, and sarin gas is one of them. Sarin gas is described as a “colorless, odorless liquid at room temperature” ( ). Even though the stockpiling is prohibited by the CWC, Afghanistan has tons of sarin gas. Sarin is one of the most toxic, and is ten times more powerful than tabun. Sarin gas can be evaporated into a vapor and spread into the environment. If sarin gas was to be released into the air, to effectively destroy the troop’s concentrations, people may be exposed through skin contact or eye contact, even by breathing the air that is contaminated. The extent of the poisoning will all depend on how much was released, how it was released, and how long the exposure lasted. Some side effects of sarin exposure are, runny nose, watery eyes, small pupils, eye pain, blurred vision, drooling and excessive
Since we know that predisposing factors for mucormycosis include HIV/AIDS, diabetes mellitus, cancers such as lymphomas, kidney failure, organ transplant, long term corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy, it means that with all the knowledge we have about the disease we should be able to provide a very convincing preventive education to these people. But, we should not ignore that everyone needs to be educated from patients who are immunocompromised to health people because there have been cases of mucormycosis reported with no apparent predisposing factors
According to UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, rockets delivered what was identified as Sarin in the August 21, 2013 attacks on the Syrian people that occurred outside of Damascus (BBC.Com, 2013).
A gust of warm wind embraces my skin as mama and I sit on a bench under the old tulip tree and talk of the upcoming spring picnic. The water before of me twinkles as a thousand stars and my younger twin brothers run wild around our cottage. In this moment life feels perfect. Although in a blink of an eye life changed from perfect to a nightmare as mama grasped my hand and fell to the ground below. When papa appears in front of me, I realize I have been screaming. In one single motion, he lifts mama up and carries her off to the carriage to take her to doctor Stanton. In that instant my perfect moment ends.
Brucellosis is an extremely important disease around the world, especially in developing countries such as Iran (22) where it is endemic in certain region (23, 24).
Histologically, papular lesions show acanthosis, individual keratinocyte necrosis, and basal vacuolization. This is accompanied by a superficial and deep perivascular, lymphohistiocytic infiltrate in the dermis. Lesions in the vesicular stage demonstrate spongiosis with reticular and ballooning degeneration. Multinucleated epithelial giant cells may be seen. Pustular lesions are characterized by epidermal necrosis with numerous eosinophils and neutrophils, many displaying karyorrhexis. Necrosis may extend through full-thickness epidermis with sharp lateral demarcation from adjacent intact epidermis. The associated perivascular infiltrate includes eosinophils and neutrophils in addition to lymphocytes and histiocytes. Petechial lesions demonstrate
The warm and moist skin folds, often with maceration or erosions, are main predisposing factors in the normal patients. Lesions are usually appearing as moist erythematous rash with characteristic satellite lesions that can be observed on the health surrounding skin.
Without a doubt the Rubella virus is as contagious and infectious as its counterpart disease named measles; however, ongoing efforts in America since the development of the vaccination, which happened in year 1967, rubella has been virtually eradicated from the United States of America (Baron et al. 1990). According to some articles that I’ve reviewed the main reason for developing the vaccine is to prevent congenital rubella syndrome on fetuses of women that are pregnant during their first trimester. The disease it self is mild in nature with very rare occurrences of severe cases or even fatalities in postnatal infections, but when the infection strikes a developing fetus the virus is more likely to cause permanent damage that will weaken
The human body’s normal pH level is between 7.35 and 7.45. If this level of pH is below 7.35 that is considered acidosis. If the level is above 7.45 it is then considered alkalosis.
Many people seem to think this means it is merely a minor annoyance, not a serious medical condition. This is not true. It is an autoimmune condition that impacts overall health, not just the skin.