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During emergency situation, people have been trained to call 9-1-1 if they need help. From suspicious activities to mass casualty events, the 9-1-1 centers coordinate law enforcement response and first aid. Programs such as “9-1-1 for kids” dedicate all their efforts and resources to teach children what to do in emergency situations. People carry that information has they move forward in life. When one dials 9-1-1, one expects an immediate response and help in times of crisis. Today, Centers around the United States receive an estimate 240 million calls each year. This paper will provide a reader with a history over view of the 9-1-1 centers. The purpose of this paper is to assess the vulnerabilities by studying two possible scenarios; exposure

recording device to an officer’s person, society is able to cut out human bias, and reveal the true

(Torres, S. 1998) Research indicates that fear of crime, whether self-imposed or realistic, can immobilize individuals, harm the local economy and negatively impact social interactions as well as the quality of life (Albanese, 1990 Skogan (1987) argues that crime victims believe that more crime exists, are worried about victimization and attempt to protect themselves. Parker and Ray (1990) as well as Krannich et al. (1989) revealed victimization to be a predictor related to fear of crime. Additional support for these findings was provided by Smith and Hill (1991), who showed that actual victimization appears to increase fear of crime by increasing the perception of vulnerability. (Torres, S. 1998) Research also shows that fear of crime among minorities and those of lower socioeconomic status is related to their vulnerability in the urban environment (Liska et al., 1982). The elderly who are physically vulnerable and less agile are more fearful of crime even though they are less likely to be victims. (Torres, S. 1998) The proliferation and presence of gangs in the United States is also linked to the concept of social incivilities and increased fear of crime. This problem of fear does not go away. The people not only have a constant fear, it continues to the next generation of people in

From the night watch in Boston, to the present day policing, law enforcement has behind in the world of technology. As time rolled through the political era, professional era, and community-oriented era, police patrols would use the rapidly advancing technology in their favor. "Those were desperate times for policemen in a hostile country with unpaved streets and uneven sidewalks, sometimes miles from the police station, with little prospects of assistance in case of need.... It took nerve to be a policeman in those days," this was reported by Chief Francis O 'Neill of the Chicago Police Department in 1903. With only having a printing press and a multiple-shot revolver over a hundred years ago, the advancement in technology today has helped improve the policing methods in patrol quite significantly. However, technology would eventually out-run the police.

Such is demonstrated in the resulting behaviours that society has adapted through the years. Whenever news are published, stories of murders, rapings, car accidents, political issues and overall aggression make an impact on its expectators. As a result of seeing all the bad in the world, people lose more and more trust in the people surrounding them, leading to seclusion that is approached as a way of protecting themselves against harm. It is common to hear parents warn their daughters of the dangers they are exposed to out on the streets, and as a precaution, they are also adviced to carry objects of protection with them. Pepper spray, key chains, emergency apps and self-defence techniques are all taught fom an early age to act as defence tools against possible harm when out alone.

In the 1990's, they introduced Refuse To Be A Victim® seminars to help people develop their own personal safety plan using common sense strategies.

Our product, personal alarms, is a small device that emits up to 130 decibels in order to distract, disorient, or even surprise the assailant. It is used to attract the attention of other individuals in case an assault occurs, therefore, scaring off the assaulter. This is the perfect gadget to carry around since it is relatively small and practical. However, this should be considered only as a temporal solution, rather than relying completely on this. The benefits are very clear as outlined below:

Dangerousness is a term that is used in various settings such as legal, academic, administrative and popular discourse (Bennett, n.d:3.). The meaning of the term can vary throughout the different settings (ibid). In criminology the term often corresponds with acts of violence, and is used to label an offenders potential level of risk of harm they may cause (Farrington and Tarling, 1985:175). Someone who is labelled as dangerous is thought to pose as a threat or risk to society. However, dangerousness is not easily defined; it can actually cover a range of factors; which makes it more of an umbrella term. For example, three distinct constructs such as risk factors, potential harm, and risk level are used to determine dangerousness (Greene and Wrightsman, 2007:263). Nevertheless, even though the term lacks a clear and concise definition, it is used on a daily basis to make very important decisions regarding offenders who have been previously convicted of a specified offence such as, a violent offence, or a sexual offence (Legislation.gov.uk, 2003). Society is becoming increasingly obsessed with danger or risks to health and safety, and anxiety and fear are becoming a more dominated feature in everyday life (Furedi, 2007:198). It is thought that dangerousness is a product of societal construction, this essay will assess how

“Strong on Defense” is a self-defense book designed to protect you and your family against crime. It teaches safety tips and mind-setting techniques for when you encounter questionable situations. Along with stories taken from real life events, this book offers a lot of insight on what you should and shouldn’t do when it comes down to your survival. Author, Sanford Strong, is a retired San Diego Police Department supervisor and trainer, and he wrote this book from his experiences while working in the field of law enforcement. It’s hard for people to believe something bad could ever happen to them, so being mentally prepared is the best thing to practice when it comes down to life or death.

The cities are loud, they have always been. The rumble of trucks, and buses over degraded roads and the shouts, conversation, and even laughter of its residents create a constant cacophony of life. At first glance it doesn’t seem an especially receptive place, even its people lean to avoiding connections such as eye contact. Yet Buried within the din of metropolis exists an entirely different culture of communication. Below the surface, whispered messages ripple through the air, completely unheard without the right equipment. An exclusive club of sorts, that serves to transmit messages to a specific set of ears. However for the curious, there exists a way to acquire that equipment. There is no right to information, although for those with access there is no lack of supply.

One of the social reactions to crime that most interests criminologists is public fear of victimization. Though less tangible than some reactions to crime fear of crime exemplifies the enormous multiplier effect that attaches to criminal victimization. Whereas a single serious crime in a neighborhood (e.g., a rape)may have but one direct victim, news of the crime may provoke fear among hundreds if not thousands of persons who learn of the event through social networks or the mass media. In fact, only a small proportion of Americans will actually become victims of serious crime each year, but the number who experience fear of victimization is by no means so small These indirect victims of crime are too often overlooked

People live their lives each day with the same routines and do not realize that some of the things they do could make them vulnerable to criminal activity. I even put myself at a high risk of being victimized without even knowing it. Depending on hotspots and a person’s lifestyle it could heighten the chances of being a victim of a crime. In order to gain a better understanding of being victimized, a person must accept that crime is random and can happen to anyone regardless of the actions taken to prevent being

Fear of Crime in members of our society today has been widely researched. For the purpose of this essay, fear of crime is used in the context of an individual’s perceived risk of becoming a victim of crime. In this essay it is argued that the elderly and the youngest members of our society are the most fearful of crime and that, of these age groups the elderly have the lowest risk of becoming victims of crime. Firstly, research shows that fear of crime is wide spread and that certain age groups are more fearful of becoming victims than others. Secondly, that the Media’s portrayal of crimes contributes to society’s perceptions of safety and crime itself, increasing fear of crime in these age groups. Thirdly, that the Elderly

Every minute and everyday someone in the United States gets robbed. Not even just a regular robbery, an armed robbery. An armed robbery is a serious crime which can lead up to several years in prison and in some cases a life sentence. This particular day wasn’t so pleasant for me, my brother, and especially my friend Joi. We went from having a great time during the day, to an unexpected nightmare at night. Robberies are scary to be involved with. They can be terrifying and also can impact many people in various ways. Ever since the day Joi was robbed, I have learned that anything can happen at anytime, so it’s important to be aware of my surrounding at all times. Welcome to the unforgetting day when Joi got robbed at gunpoint.

The short story is set in the State of New York, in NYC. It can therefore be concluded that the story takes place in an urban environment. We could by argue that the story will make us reflect over some basic human sins or human needs, such as greed, anger, disgust and denial. We are introduced to the protagonist of this story at the beginning. Her name is Norma and she is married to Arthur. It is not clear from the text how long they have been together. They have a typical husband and wife relationship where it is Norma that cooks and cleans. Despite Norma having a job, there is always a hot meal waiting for Arthur when he returns home after work. Overall they seem happy and content,