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Richard Hugo's 'Degrees Of Gray In Philipsburg'

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Through his poems, Richard Hugo takes places Americans traveled through in the era of westward expansion and, with little to no regard for any emotional attachments towns’ residents may still retain, turns them into elaborate locations with storied histories and troubled populations. Specifically, the poem “Degrees of Gray in Philipsburg” may sound from the title to be a maudlin description but is truly uplifting. In the poem, Hugo puts a focus on transience but also emphasizes appreciation of the small splashes of color in otherwise gray and dull lives. In his poetry, Hugo writes about real emotions and events from a personal perspective, using his knowledge of history, literary devices -- setting, imagery, personification, point of view, …show more content…

Philipsburg was a boomtown that is located less than three miles from the mining town of Granite, Montana. The area in which the two towns arose supported two massive silver mines: Granite Mountain and the Bi-Metallic (“Montana Mining Tours”). As a boomtown, Philipsburg’s success relied heavily on the ongoing purchase of silver by industries and government, as well as continual production of silver ore from the mines. In the late 1800s, the U.S. government passed the Sherman Silver Purchase Act, colloquially known as the “Silver Bill,” which required the federal government to buy 4.5 million ounces of silver every month for minting U.S. currency (Timberlake 2). This Act was passed as a supersession of the Bland-Allison Act, which originally mandated that two to four million dollars’ worth of silver be purchased every month. These Acts led to a significant dependence on the government’s recurring purchase of silver for the local economies of silver mining boomtowns. In 1892, the government passed the Treasury Note Act, effectively ending this economic stream, as “silver was to remain in the coinage and currency system primarily as a subsidiary money” (3). This new Act was only in effect for 15 years before the Panic of 1907 led to the brief return of silver to a primary role in currency. The Panic was bad for nearly all businesses but was especially hard on banks and trust companies (Moen and Tallman). Yet, despite the negative aspects of the economic downturn for banks and businesses, it greatly benefitted silver mining towns. Hugo refers to it in his poem as “The 1907 boom” (“Degrees of Gray in Philipsburg” line 16). Due to the domino effect between banks and traders, the U.S. economy all but collapsed. Additionally, San Francisco

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