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Baseball Integration Research Paper

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The audience to which this paper is directed towards is the college aged baseball fan in America. They are interested in the game and love to go to the ballpark to watch a game, and if they can’t make it to the game they will try to watch it on TV or catch some of the highlights. They hear the stories about steroids and the various scandals, but don't possess a deep understanding of them. My audience’s attitude towards my culture is admiration for the players and teams. However, likely objections could include the steroid scandals and some fans may be hesitant to accept the fact the these players makes huge salaries each year. Professional baseball players come from all over the world, so while it is likely that my audience share similar backgrounds …show more content…

Nathanson writes that Branch Rickey, the general manager of the Brooklyn Dodgers during the 1940s said, “The greatest untapped reservoir of raw material in the history of the game is the black race!” (80). He went on to recruit the most influential baseball player of all time, Jackie Robinson. What Branch Rickey did was extremely controversial at that time. Segregation was still the cultural norm, but Jackie Robinson would play his first game on April 15, 1947. Jackie Robinson had a successful career, but most notably opened the doors for African-Americans to enter MLB. Mark Armour, author of the research paper titled, “Baseball Integration, 1947-1986,” states that integration increased gradually throughout the 1940s, but by the mid-1960s, twenty percent of players were black. Recently, a survey reported that 39 percent of the players in MLB are not white. This includes African-American, Latino, and Asian players. It is hard to imagine Major League Baseball without these players, but just some 70 years ago that is how it was. Now, it is a totally new culture. This new culture consists of diversity. Mike Burns, a former catcher for the Houston Astros organization, and now head coach at Calhoun Community College, said in an interview “everywhere you look there is diversity in baseball. It is great for the game, and playing with these guys from all different types of places broadens your world …show more content…

The steroid era, which began in the 1990s, provided some of baseball’s best entertainment. It was filled with home runs and fastballs, but as Joe Solberg and Richard Ringer say in “Performance-Enhancing Drug Use in Baseball: The Impact of Culture," sports fans can only wonder which records achieved during those twenty years were earned fairly, and which ones were achieved through the use of performance enhancing drugs (PEDs) (92). This blemish on the history of baseball makes stats and record keeping complicated. Barry Bonds, an admitted steroid user, broke Hank Arron’s all-time home run record during this time. This raises questions such as, should these record breaking players be allowed to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame? Bonds, who was eligible for induction into the elite club for the first time in 2013, did not receive enough votes to get in. Fans are now forced to question if a player used steroids, which negatively hurts baseball’s reputation and integrity. However, since increased measures have been taken to improve drug testing, it is assumed that PED use in baseball has decreased if not gotten rid of. This is a cultural impactor because it changed how the fans feel about the game. Baseball has always had a culture of cheating in some way, whether it’s altering the baseball in some way or corking a bat. Now that the steroid era is over, what

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