Reunified Germany Timeline

6) however, like Gandhi, he encouraged the volunteers not to retaliate. Mandela spent 26 years and 8 months in jail as punishment for his protesting however, he felt that “no sacrifice was too great in the struggle for freedom” (Doc. 9). He spent time in jail with other protesters that all felt that “whatever sentences [they] received, even the death sentence… [their] deaths would not be in vain” (Doc. 9). Freedom for the South African people from apartheid finally came in 1993. To Mandela this was not just the freedom of his people but “the freedom of all people, black and white” (Doc. 12). “South Africa’s New Democracy” rose after years of continuous nonviolence from the populace.

While in prison many other ANC leaders were also found and arrested. They were all put on trial (Rivonia Trial) for sabotage, treason, and violent conspiracy. Mandela was sentenced to life in prison at the maximum security Robben Island Prison. Although in a maximum-security prison, Mandela was still able to keep in contact with the anti-apartheid movement secretly. For 18 years Mandela stayed at Robben Island, where he lived under harsh conditions with other political leaders. This time spent in the prison changed his attitude and made him become the great political leader that he is today. He realized that violence was not the answer to all his problems. Furthermore, many would think that this imprisonment would hurt the anti-apartheid movement, but in reality it helped much more. Many world leaders demanded that Mandela be

The Establishment of Revolutionary Changes in Germany After World War One In 1918 people in Germany were shattered by the unexpected defeat of the First World War. As the war ended the German emperor, the Kaiser, abdicated and early in 1919 Germanys politicians drew up what has often been described as the most democratic constitution in the world. The revolutionary changes after the war were vast.

The reunification of Germany happened on October 3, 1990 when East Germany joined the Federal Republic. Guenter Schabowski announced the opening of the Berlin wall, putting an end to the 28 years of division. He announced this offhandedly during a press conference, by saying that the East was lifting the travel restrictions across the border to the West. He then looks down at his notes, stammering “As far as I know, this enters into force...this is immediately, without delay” (East German announces Berlin wall open). Upon hearing this, East Berliners stormed to the wall and demanded to be let through. Although border guards had not been given this order, they let people through after seeing the numbers. Soon after the opening of the walls, the Soviet Union fell apart. Representatives from eleven of the fifteen

Nelson Mandela’s influence is most evident on Americans politicians than anything else. “Late in the afternoon of Sunday, Feb 11, 1990, the gates of Victor Verster Prison opened and a historic moment millions of people around the planet had awaited for years was at hand: Nelson Mandela, the world’s most noted prisoner of Conscience, walked into the sunlight of freedom” (Fenton). Students who participated in the Divestment Protests in the late 1970’s felt as if they were a part of Mandela’s release from jail. During his first few months of freedom, Mandela became a global ambassador for the African National Congress. In March 1990, only weeks after release, he met with world leaders. In June he set out on a forty–five day, 15 nation tours. He met with several leaders on three continents. When the news leaked that Mandela would visit the US, hundreds of requests for appearances were submitted. “Mandela’s arrival in America on June 20th, 1990 created a sensation. More than 750,000 people lined up on the streets of Manhattan” to catch a sight of the former prisoner (Fenton). Nelson visited the

1. Reunification promised to quickly alleviate forty years of East German Socialism by means of tax money: Prior to and especially during the November 1990 reunification election, political parties and government leaders all agreed that East Germany could be raised to the West German standard of

After WW1, Germany had nothing left. They signed the Treaty of Versaille causing them to lose everything. Germany was forbidden to have submarines or an air force. They were only allowed a navy of six battleships, and an army of just 100,000 men. They had to give up land and pay a huge amount of lump sum causing them to go into debt. Their economy was ruined and Hitler took this to his advantage. Germans were hurt and ashamed by the first major defeat to their nation in over a century and were looking for answers. Hitler was an extraordinary speaker and had the ability to convince the Germans. He convinced them that he could take them out of their misery. Hitler, who did "heroic" things in the war and who claims to have the answers. He talks of German pride and honor. He

There is a difference seen between Americans and Germans in the way politics are viewed. Considering the rough past with political leaders that Germany has endured, they have a reason to view it differently. This could also be attributed to building up a country that has lost everything. Germany is a country that has seen many trials and tribulations, to get to where they are. Therefore, they have many different tendencies than other countries. For Germans, they have a sense of verbindlich that is related to politics on a large scale.

With reference to source 1, 3, 4 and your understanding of the historical context, how valuable are these sources to a historian studying the extent of economic recovery in Germany by 1928?

Mandela was imprisoned in South Africa from 1964-82. During the period of his imprisonment his public reputation grew. Upon his release from prison, he was considered the most prominent leader in black South Africa and he was a strong symbol of resistance in the anti-apartheid movement. Nelson Mandela became South Africa’s president in 1994. His main leadership qualities characteristics were his determination, persistence, focus and will.

In 1964, he was found guilty of sabotage and treason and spent three decades in the Robben Island Prison. Mandela turned the prison experience into an ANC school, teaching other blacks about politics and other freedom fighters like Gandhi (Lockard 959). Nelson Mandela fought against apartheid for years with protests/strikes and by leading the ANC.

He was imprisoned at Robben Island for a lengthy 18 of 27 years. Each and every day was excruciating pain. Mandela was forced to do hard labor in a quarry, fed little food, and had to work in the dead of winter with soaking wet clothes, his goal was to leave. Continuing on with the life he had there in prison was too much for him. Not even a second did Mandela think he thought it was right that he had gone to jail for standing up for what he

After his release from prison in 1990, he went to be elected the first black President of South Africa. The time in prison helped him to come to peace with himself and the people he was initially mad at; such as the South African Government.

While in prison he was able to continue talks with President De Klerk of South Africa who released him from prison in 1990 and in 1993 he was given a Nobel Peace prize for his role in dismantling apartheid. This was also the year of the first all race election in over 300 years in South Africa. He was an advocate of promoting peace and equality on the national and global level. In later years Mandela spent his time as a woman’s rights activist and started a children’s fund to help children living in poverty as well as a campaign to fight AIDS which is what his son had died from.

From 1964 to 1982, Mandela was kept in a maximum-security prison. In 1988, he was hospitalized for tuberculosis. Amidst increasing global pressures, the South African government under President F.W. de Klerk released Mandela from prison on February 11, 1990. On March 2, Mandela was chosen deputy president of the ANC, and he replaced the president in July 1991. Mandela and de Klerk worked to end apartheid and bring about a peaceful transition to nonracial democracy in South Africa.