Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a severe acute respiratory illness caused by the coronavirus named MERS-CoV. It is believed that the virus is found in camels and passed on to humans who are in contact or around infected animal. These camels are mainly located in Egypt, Oman, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia (WHO, 2015a). Those infected with MERS exhibit fever, cough, and shortness of breath, pneumonia, and diarrhea. Severe cases require patient to be put on mechanical ventilation or in an intensive care unit. It is also known to cause kidney failure and septic shock. The elderly, persons who are immunosuppressed, those who

When CAP occurs, it is determined if the need for hospitalisation is necessary as it depends on the seriousness of the infection. Gram- positive organisms such as S. pneumoniae, naturally occur in the upper respiratory tract, is one cause of lower respiratory infections such as pneumonia, but is also a culprit in causing upper respiratory infections like otitis media. H. influenzae is just one of many bacterial infections that can result in CAP, it therefore can be subacute and present with a low-grade fever and a persistent cough for a few weeks before a patient has a diagnosis. Adults that have very little or no immunity are an easier target for certain viruses such as that of the Cytomegalovirus, which is a viral pathogen that is commonly contracted within the community, other common virus are adenovirus and herpes simplex. When a virus starts to become acute, it starts an infection within the ciliated cells within the airway. When pneumonia occurs from this viral infection, the inflammatory action starts to seep into the alveolar areas and leads to the problem of excess exudation and oedema within the respiratory tract. It is sometimes often difficult to differentiate symptoms of a viral pneumonia from that of bacterial pneumonia (Smeltzer &

RSV comes into the airway epithelium from the apical side only and aims to destroy the ciliated epithelia cells (4). Then RSV buds and releases the virus from the apical surface (4).

Each year more than 90,000 infants are hospitalized with the RSV infection, and nearly 75% of bronchiolitis cases and more than 50% of pneumonia cases are hospitalized also because of the infection. The infection usually lasts from four to twenty-one days. If the infection is severe it could last a lot longer. By the age of two most children has had the infection. There are new developments in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of RSV infection in infants and children. Early childhood recognition can help to minimize the morbidity and

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has a seasonal and yearly incidence, usually between November and April. It is responsible for high infant morbidity and mortality worldwide.. By the first year of life, 60% of children are infected, and almost 100% are infected by 2 years of age. (Saso,&Kampmann,2016). The more common age for hospitalizations occur between 2-3 months of age, and is the leading cause of infants being hospitalized in the developed world, accounting for 2 % of admissions during the winter season. (geerdink,Pillay,Meyalard,2015). The natural RSV infection in those younger than 6 months does not adequately develop a long-lasting immunological response, making reoccurrence of infection likely to reoccur. RSV is an infection that causes cold-like illness that can also cause otitis media, rhinitis, bronchitis, croup, and, pneumonia. Although RSV can cause different reactions, Bronchiolitis is the most common form of occurrence in the pediatric population. This virus is very caustic to the respiratory lining for vulnerable infants, that it increases the risk for respiratory diseases in later years of childhood.

RSV is the most common cause of LRTI’s leading to morbidity and mortality in children across the world. Most children have acquired an RSV infection by the time they reach 2 years of age. It is typical to see these infections during the winter/early spring seasons in temperate regions, and during the rainy seasons in tropical areas. This is likely due to the increase of indoor crowding related to weather. The transmission of RSV requires close contact by either a large particle aerosol, or by contamination of hands followed by an inoculation into the eye or nose. Secondary infections are seen in in family contacts of an individual with a primary case due to their close contact.

The research question in this study is “What are the experiences of Alaskan parents who have a child hospitalized for RSV treatment?”

A mother brings their toddler in to the clinic, with what they think is a cold but a nurse wonders if the child could possibly have respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). A cold and RSV are a lot alike, in the way that they both may come across as “cold-like symptoms,” but this is not the case. Throughout this report one will find out what the differences between a common cold and RSV are, the signs and symptoms a toddler may have with this virus, the treatments one may face and ways to prevent this awful and dangerous virus. The purpose of this report is to deepen one’s understanding of the respiratory syncytial virus and explain the dangerous

The Rhinovirus is acts like a flu. The virus affects the respiratory system, but not the lower half, only the upper half. The respiratory system is a person's lungs. The lungs are important because they allow people to breathe and live. Air enters through the nose or mouth into the throat, then air goes into the trachea, from the trachea to the right and left bronchi and then into the lungs.

        The pneumonia virus affects the respiratory system. The respiratory system includes the throat, voice box,windpipe, air tubes, air sacs, and most important the lungs. “This system job is to take in air from the outside and take out carbon dioxide from inside the air and that helps your body prevent illness.” (Health tab) This is how it works, the air can enter through the nose or mouth, then it passes through the air sacs, and then finally it enters in the lung. Once in the lungs the oxygen can enter the bloodstream. This maybe common knowledge but you can not live very long without breathing so the respiratory system is very important.

The air that we breathe is full of germs, so infections of the respiratory tract are very common, especially

Infants and young children with RSV infection usually have a lower respiratory tract infection, such as bronchiolitis or pneumonia. These children have fever, cough, runny nose, wheezing, rhinorrhea, labored respiration, congestion and sore throat, and occasionally hypoxia. Children with RSV infection and have severe disease will display grunting, nasal flaring, and intercostal retractions reflecting the increased effort to breathe. If children or adult have chronic lung diseases such as asthma, they will experience rapid breathing, wheezing, productive cough and trouble breathing.

A study of Hong Kong cases revealed that several factors contributed to the spread and treatment of this virus. These included weather, quarantine, personal protective gear, and possibly animal transmission (Lin, Yee-Tak Fong, Zhu, & Karlberg, 2005).

This virus is an extremely common cause of respiratory disease and often results in chronic, often life-long, infection with intermittent recurrences causing respiratory and sometimes eye disease. It is spread easily through airborne respiratory secretions and direct contact with a carrier cat or contaminated objects. Calicivirus a common viral infectious respiratory disease, it can also cause mouth sores resulting in severe oral pain. Spread by direct contact with an infected cat or by contact with contaminated objects. The virus is very resistant to disinfectants and persists in the environment. Panleukopenia a severe, highly infectious and sometimes fatal disease of the gastrointestinal tract, the immune system and the nervous system. The disease is named for the characteristic severe decrease in white blood cells, the body’s defense against disease. The virus is very persistent in the environment. This virus spreads by direct contact with infected cats or by contact with viral particles in the

Infectious disease is considered an ever evolving issue world-wide. A number of health officials and idealists believed that the threat of infectious disease would have been eradicated by now.1 Infectious disease remains the leading cause of death across the globe and the third leading cause of death in the United States.2 Within the scope of infectious disease, the most common cause of illness is viral respiratory tract infections, also referred to as VRTI.3 Recently, a new strain of virus related to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome commonly referred to as SARS has been identified.4,5 The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome is a viral infection that affects the respiratory tract in humans and has recently been discovered in a small