Research Paper On Parkinson's Disease

While attending the Parkinson’s Support Group, I observed and took note of many occurrences throughout the group. There were 18 caregivers/individuals with Parkinson’s in attendance, along with 3 students, the director, and the group leader (a counseling student intern). Each individual diagnosed with Parkinson’s, except for two, was accompanied by their spouse/caregiver. Members of this group sat around a rectangle table with the group leader at the front. The purpose of the group, on that particular day, was to discuss challenges that individuals with Parkinson’s and or caregivers face, activities and ways to cope, and some positive gains after the disability. The type of group that was ran was a support group, as compared to having guest speakers as usual. The Parkinson’s group was open to the

Parkinson disease (PD) is one of the most common neurologic disorders. and it affects approximately 1% of individuals older than 60 years old. Parkinson’s disease is a condition that progresses slowly by treatment. In addition, loss of pigmented dopaminergic neurons of the substantianigra pars compacta and the presence of Lewy bodies and Lewyneurites are the two major neuropathologic findings in Parkinson disease (Hauser, 2016).

Parkinson's disease affects the way you move. It happens when there is a problem with certain nerve cells in the brain. Normally, these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine. Dopamine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movement. Some conspiracy theories makes us happy by creating a picture where hitler was finally reduced to a trembling, almost rigid person with the mood swings of a woman at her worst PMS, shambling through a burnt, destroyed, and pillaged Nazi regime because he was inflicted by parkinson's disease in the final days of his life. Although it is rumored that hitler really had this disease. It was highly unlikely that he died from it due to the fact that parkinson's disease does not kill by

Parkinson’s disease is a “neurodegenerative disorder of the basal nuclei due to insufficient secretion of the neurotransmitter dopamine” (Marieb & Hoehn, 2013, p. G-17). The cause of Parkinson’s disease is unknown, but many factors play a role in the development of Parkinson’s disease. One factor that has been found in an individual who has Parkinson’s disease causes over activity of targeted dopamine-deprived basal nuclei. This over activity is caused by the breakdown of neurons that release dopamine in the substantia nigra (Marieb & Hoehn, 2013). Another factor that is present in a person who has Parkinson’s disease, is the presence of lewy bodies in the brain stem ("What is lbd?," 2014). Lewy bodies are unusual

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized mainly by physical and psychological disabilities. This disorder was named after James Parkinson, an English physician who first described it as shaking palsy in 1817 (Goetz, Factr, and Weiner, 2002). Jean- Martin Charcot, who was a French neurologist, then progressed and further refined the description of the disease and identified other clinical features of PD (Goetz, Factr, and Weiner, 2002). PD involves the loss of cells that produce the neurotransmitter dopamine in a part of the brain stem called the substansia nigra, which results in several signs and symptoms (Byrd, Marks, and Starr, 2000). It is manifested clinically by tremor,

Dopamine is a brain chemical/Neurotransmitter that work as messenger signal between the Substantia Nigra to the next relay station of the brain, the corpus striatum which helps to produce smooth coordinate movement and also plays a major role to help control muscle’s movement. With Parkinson’s disease, the brain cells that produce dopamine slowly die, which lead to decrease production of Dopamine. The loss of dopamine causes abnormal nerve firing with brain and the cells that control muscle’s movement by sending the messages to the muscles; due to this it becomes really hard to control muscles movement and cause tremors and various other symptoms such as rigidity and difficulty walking and performing daily tasks. Dopamine is not the only neurotransmitter involved in Parkinson’s Disease. Norepinephrine is very relatively close to dopamine and is also involved in Parkinson’s Disease. Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease have loss of nerve ending that produce norepinephrine. Norepinephrine is a major neurotransmitter for sympathetic nervous system, which control many autonomic functions of our body; it causes increase in blood pressure and heart rate. Loss of norepinephrine can help us explain the non-motor symptoms associated with Parkinson’s Disease such as fatigue, decrease in gastric stability and disruption in cognition. Parkinson’s Disease can be hereditary

An important finding in past decades is that Parkinson’s disease (PD) is not just a disease of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Significant neuronal loss (≈80%) in the locus coerueus (LC) occurs in PD. Neurodegenerration of LC neurons starts earlier with a greater magnitude than that in the SNpc. Evidence to support this pathogenesis in PD also includes: 1) Lewy bodies, a typical pathologic alteration of PD, accumulate with a greater extent in the LC before their appearance in the SNpc. 2) The non-motor symptoms, closely correlated with loss of LC neurons, often occur many years before the onset of motor dysfunction. 3) Animal PD models showed an earlier loss of LC neurons than the SNpc. Together, these

Parkinson’s Disease (from hereon PD) is an extrapyramidal disorder characterized primarily by massive idiopathic degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, resulting in greatly decreased levels of dopamine in the striatum. The diagnosis, which is essentially a clinical judgment due to the lack, thus far of a simple diagnostic test, has historically been on the basis of the presence of at least two of the three main features of PD: bradykinesia (or akinesia or hypokinesia), rigidity, and resting tremor. In addition to these symptoms, most PD patients also show postural disturbances, impaired righting reflexes, and abnormal ocular movements. The extent of the disease and its symptoms can be quantified by one of a few

Parkinson’s disease is common throughout society, but the exact cause of the onset of the disease is unknown (Damjanov, 2012). Although the incidence rate for people over the age of sixty is one out of every one hundred people, the number of people who are actually affected may be higher due to the lack of an exact test to diagnosis Parkinson’s disease (The Michael J. Fox Foundation, n.d.). Parkinson’s disease is progressive and results in the continuous degeneration of the central nervous system (Damjanov, 2012).

Parkinson's disease is a type of movement disorder. It occurs when nerve cells (neurons) do not produce enough of a major chemical in the brain known as dopamine. Some cases are genetic but most do not seem to occur among members of the same family. There is no diagnostic test for this disease. Doctors use patient history and a neurological exam to diagnose it. Symptoms of the disease begin slowly, usually affects one side of the body, and then both sides, producing tremor in the hands, arms, legs, jaw and face, stiffness in arms, legs and trunk, slowness movements, problems in balance and coordination. As symptoms worsen, people with the disease may have difficulty walking or doing simple tasks. They may also have problems

There have been times during my life when my motivation has blossomed from different emotions. The day after Mother’s 65th birthday, love and fear intertwined into a knot inseparably made from a single thread. For on that day, Mother received the diagnosis of having Parkinson’s disease, at the time I did not comprehend the gravity of what that diagnosis actually meant. My desire to learn more about Parkinson’s disease initially stemmed from fear of what my mother would endure as the disease progressed, and love, motivated my desire to improve the quality of her life by any measure possible. Fortunately, the knowledge I gained aided my family in understanding and caring for Mother with great compassion. Sadly, over the following years, this

It is estimated that seven to ten million people are currently living with Parkinson’s disease around the world. There’s no manual on how to take care of a loved one suffering from Parkinson’s Disease. However, there are tips to make your life as a caregiver a bit easier.

Parkinson’s Disease is a very well-known, incurable, disease of the nervous system. It has many symptoms that are both motor and non-motor. The main symptom of Parkinson’s disease would be tremors of the body and stiffness. One of the believed non-motor symptoms that this article covers is weight change. It has been discovered that patients with non-tremor dominant subtypes are more prone to severe motor symptoms. These types of patients are also shown to succumb to the disease much quicker than those that have tremors. This article depicts if there is any weight change in the patients that are not using any medication; considering that some medicines can have this side-effect.

Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor symptoms or tremors, rigidity, (bradykinesia) or slowness of movement and posture instability. Parkinson’s involves the malfunction and death of vital nerve cells in the brain. This disease primarily affects neurons in area of the brain called substantia nigra. Some of these dying neurons produce dopamine a chemical that sends messages to the part of the brain that controls movement and coordination. The symptoms of Parkinson’s disease usually begin on one side of the body and within time spread to both sides of the body. The primary process that causes Parkinson’s disease signs and symptoms is when dopamine producing nerve cells in the brain die prematurely. Dopamine is one of the main neurotransmitters in the brain. In a healthy brain, ample dopamine is produced so that the brain cells can coordinate smooth and precise muscle movements. However, when dopamine cells are lost, brain cells communicate abnormally with muscles, which can lead to impaired body movement. (Null, 2013, pp. 153-176)

The symptoms of Parkinson's disease usually develop gradually and are mild at first. There are many different symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease. Some of the more common symptoms are described below.