Research Paper Animal Experimentation

Around the world, millions of scientists conduct their studies by testing their research on animals. Many people believe that experimenting on animals is crucial to the advancement of medical discoveries. Studies show however, that animal experimentation is brutal and unnecessary. There are alternatives though: “replacement, reduction, and refinement” (Howard 2).

All drugs have dangers due to certain chemicals and substances. Because of animal testing, researchers have found another alternative to testing on humans.

Test subjects in medical experiments have always been a controversial topic, but this argument is often only thought of when animals come in to play. What about the humans who get tested on unwillingly, or people who do not possess the capability to consent to such procedures? They are also in need of someone to look out for them. Throughout time, many governments have done extreme testing to move forward their population’s health and for what they call the greater good. Yet, more often than not, these test have no rules or regulations. A moral code has been established slowly after many of these ghastly occurrences became known. Even to this day, we still have people trying to bypass ethical codes such as the Nuremberg code and the

Animal testing does not accurately predict possible reactions humans might have to animal tested drugs or cosmetics. ProCon.org says that 94% of drugs successful in animal testing fail during human trials. A drug released in 1999, called Vioxx, was tested and showed a positive effect on the hearts of mice, but ended up causing 27,000 heart attacks and cardiac deaths before being withdrawn from the market. A study by The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, or PNAS, observed inflammatory conditions in ill humans, and experimented with 150 drugs, all of which were successful in animal tests, and found that none of them were successful in humans. A reason why animal testing is so inaccurate is because humans are very different. Despite having similar DNA to several animals, humans and animal test subjects differ in bone structure, organ size, and react in different ways to drugs that have been tested on animals. Paul Furlong, Professor of Clinical Neuroimaging at Aston University, said that "it's very hard to create an animal model that even equates closely to what we're trying to achieve in the human.” With 94% of our drugs failing during human tests, Furlong is, with no doubt, correct. Thomas Hartung, Professor of evidence-based toxicology at Johns Hopkins University also stated that “we are not 70 kg rats.” A final failure in the accuracy of animal tested drugs is that because animal

The author emphasizes in biological difference between human beings and animals meaning drugs safe for animals might not be safe for humans. It argues that the FDA should not mandate animal testing and should look to the alternative methods for evidence that supports drug approval. Author suggests many alternative methods other then animal testing that can make drugs more efficient and safe for human use, consequently saving animals from experimental cruelty which provides excellent quotations for the research paper.

Side effects on humans has become a major problem with animal testing. Studies by now have proven that some medication that are done with animal testing would work great on the animals but would failed on humans. 79% of doctors have stated that some side effects on humans cannot be curable. According to Animal Aid “Thousands of chimpanzees have been used in be curable. Useless experiments to find a cure for

You know those medicines that you can get at the Drug Store? Don’t you think that is the greatest medicine for headaches or allergy relief? Well, it was most likely tested on an animal and it could have killed them. Over 100 million animals are injured in a wide variety of ways in the U.S. alone . Some animals spend their entire lives in captivity constantly getting tortured or abused. Also, it has been proven that only 50% of the time animal testing also works on humans, so while we tested on animals and it worked for animals, you might as well flip a coin as to whether it will benefit people.

Animals have been test subjects for many years for many products for safety issues before use on humans. These tests are unreliable they do not accurately portray how the material or drug interacts in the human body. Because of this, many products are put on the market and found to be very harmful to humans. Most of the drugs end up being discontinued or relabeled due to harmful side effect. The reason for some of the unreliability is animal test is the condition the animal is under, like stress. Stress on the animal can raise the heart rate, blood pressure and raise certain hormone levels, making the drug work in a

Also animal testing normally will not yield the same results it would on humans. (Zurolo 3) Not only that, animal based tests take too long & are expensive on average. One such case where a drug was safe for animals but not for humans was a drug called Vioxx. In 2005 ,researchers found the drug had a heart protective effect in mice & other animals but the exact opposite in humans and caused heart problems. Once they found out that it caused heart problems in humans they ignored this very fact and instead pointed to the animal tests insisting it was “safe” and the evidence is there. (news -

Although large companies and those for animal testing might think that animal testing is essential for products to be declared safe for human use, that is entirely untrue. Animals are not humans, so testing is not accurate. They are also genetically modified and subjected to abnormal stress. According to the FDA, only 5-25% of animal tests and human tests agree, so there is little relevance to humans. Furthermore, only 9% of products tested on animals make it to market. This questions how safe the products really are. What is effective in animals isn’t effective for humans. For example, drugs such as Vioxx, Phenactin, and E-Ferol were not effective in 92% of humans. That is

People who disapprove of use of animals as research models frequently appeal to cases when the results of animal testing turned out to be unreliable. It cannot be denied that sometimes treatments approved after animal experimentation are ineffective or even harmful for people. However, it is impossible to ban animal testing only because of these instances, since such errors occur rarely as compared with the number of lifesaving medications that appear as a result of animal research. The examples given below will help to understand the significance of vivisection on animals. There is a long list of illnesses which can be cured today due to animal experimentation. For example, diabetes, appendicitis, diphtheria are successfully treated nowadays as a result of experiments involving animals (Loeb et al. 2716). Antibiotics, which treat bacterial infections, drugs to reduce depression and treat cancer, insulin, open-heart surgery, and medications, which reduce cholesterol in blood, have evolved from animal experimentation (Watson 30).

Medicines used on humans have saved hundreds-of-millions of lives and has prolonged the average human lifespan by nearly 50 years. Many of these medicines had to be tested on animals to make sure they are safe to use on humans. Without the use of animal testing, these medical miracles would not have been possible. Animal test subjects have historically been critical in furthering our understanding of physiology, health, and disease, and cessation of this could risk harm to humans and lead to a decrease in the speed of new medical advancements.

Animal experimentation has been credited for the medicines made to assist diabetes, vaccines for smallpox, deep brain stimulation for parkinson’s disease, and many more along with millions of dollars spent on failed experiments, millions of animal deaths a year, misleading data and an overall bigger loss than gain. The main point of animal testing is to benefit the safety and overall health of humans, but testing on non humans to learn about humans doesn’t contribute to the cause. Humans have the voice protective of their own lives and demand rights, though every living creature deserves the right to life and to safety. The way these animals are being treated is heinous and insulting to the human race, as it subsides our morals and some

Animal testing is an extremely controversial topic because it deals with delicate matters and matters of humanity. Animal testing is intended to help consumers buy safe and healthy products, but they are torturing innocent animals by doing so. People that are in favor of animal testing usually are also advocates for medical research and progress, though there have been other proven methods of research. But they don’t think of it as tormenting and killing animals. On the other hand, a lot of people are compassionate about animals and think that testing on them is inhumane. These advocates of the animals think that an animal’s safety should be put

Animal models in experimentation serve in an imperative role. Currently, substances intended for human use (drugs or devices) must be tested in an animal model first to determine if they must be adjusted, denied or approved. Research conducted on diseased animals provide insight to progression of similar diseases in humans, improve knowledge of biological responses to various substances and devices. They also result in the production of various products such as food additives, agrochemicals, vaccines, implants and pharmaceuticals. “It has been estimated that more than 1,200,000 species of animals have been described, but 97% of the animals used for biomedical purpose belong to only 10 of them. They are rat, mouse, rabbit, chicken, dog, guinea pig, pig, hamster, monkey, and cat”(Pal). Roughly, 95% of studies are conducted in mice (Dey). A different species is used only when it is a more closely matching system to the equivalent in humans. Many things must be considered when choosing a model for research; availability, anatomic