In Exercise 1, the objective was to measure the reaction time of a subject to a visual cue when respondin witht the hand (1). Starting with subject 1, their mean reaction time for the visual-to-hand cue was 303 ms, subject 2’s was 359 ms, subject 3’s was 396 ms, and subject 4’s was 343 ms (Table 1). In Exercise 2, the objective was to measure the reacton time of each subject to an auditory cue when responding with the hand (1). For subject 1, their mean reacton time was 183 ms for the auditory-to-hand cue, which was much faster then their 303 ms visual-to-hand reaction time (Table 1). For subject 2, their mean reacton time was 210 ms for the auditory-to-hand cue which was also much faster then their 310 ms visual-to-hand reaction time (Table 1). Subject 3, had a much faster mean reacton time for …show more content…
Subject 1’s mean reaction time for the auditory-to-foot cue was 285 ms which was faster than their visual-to-foot reaction time at 418 ms (Table 1). For subject 2, their mean reaction time to the auditory-to-foot was 281 ms, which was also much faster than their 416 ms visual-to-foot reaction time (Table 1). Subject 3 had a mean reaction time of 308 ms for the auditory-to-foot cue, which was much faster than their mean reaction time of 469 ms for the visual-to-foot cue (Table 1). Lastly, subject 4’s reaction time for the auditory-to-foot cue was 311 ms, which was faster than their visual-to-foot response at 398 ms (Table 1). For all subjects of the class, the trend was that the auditory-to-foot reaction time was faster than the visual-to-foot reaction time. Conclusion: There were two major revelations made in this experiment. One, the auditory-to-reactor pathway results in a faster reaction time than the visual-to-reactor pathway. Two, when comparing the reaction times of the foot to that of the hand, the foot was always
In this classical conditioning experiment, the tapping of the person’s knee with a clinical hammer is the UCS, as it is a naturally occurring stimulus that elicits the UCR, which in this case is the reflexive knee jerk action. The distinctive sound given out by the buzzer was initially the NS, but eventually became the CS, after 20 to 30 pairings with the UCS within close intervals of 5 seconds during the experiment. It has become a stimulus that is subsequently capable of eliciting a learned reflex response on its own (CR) which was originally an UCR, because it has been paired with the original UCS.
If the response time for this experiment by saying the word” now” falls between 100 and 200 milliseconds, I would conclude that
Following classical conditioning the data show a decrease in variability and in the latency between stimulus presentation and the response. There is also a change in trend from increasing to no trend.
1. Form hypothesis: Do you think you will react more quickly to sights or sounds? Explain why.
A Kingdom Strange by John Horn is a history book about settlers trying to establish the first English colony in America. They faced many obstacles and challenges trying to establish the colony of Roanoke.
Reaction time is defined as: "…the amount of time between the occurrence of an event (such as a car pulling out into the road) and a person's response (hitting the brakes)."- http://epsych.msstate.edu/deliberate/SimpleRT/index.html?6yesLeft.html
In addition to testing both males and females, three different age groups including 16-18 year olds, 21-23 year olds and 47-49 year olds will be have their reaction times assessed. Incorporating a range of individuals from teenagers to middle aged people will allow inferences to be made regarding the effect that age has on reaction time. Across the experiments, two other aspects will be varied including using dominant or non-dominant hands
The reaction time (RT) of students was measured in the experiment to determine whether light or sound stimulus initiates a quicker response time. The question of whether or not RT was related to movement time (MT) was also challenged. Each student performed two test in random order; one testing the reaction time of a red light stimulus, or visual reaction time (VRT); and the other testing the reaction time of a “beeping” sound stimulus, or auditory reaction time (ART). The student completed the VRT trial by simply receiving the stimulus and pressing a button. The student placing and holding their hand on a button starts the ART trial. Once the student receives the stimulus (beep) they press the adjacent button as fast as they can. The ART trial does not only include the data of the RT, but also the data from the MT. Having previous knowledge that light travels faster than sound; one can predict that VRT is faster than ART. The prediction that MT is independent upon RT can be made with the thought that there are so many opposing variables that could affect the MT of an individual unrelated RT such as old age
Abrupt appearance of an object within peripheral visual fields are sudden onset distractors (SOD) and they can have effects on attention and reaction times. Attentional capture occurs when a distractor stimulus appears in a field of vision and pulls focus away from the task at hand. This has the effect of increasing reaction times as it diverts a subject’s attention while the brain registers and processes the new information. When the brain is focussed upon a specific task the distractor captures attention and thus can increase reaction time through this visual processing mechanism. This demonstrates automaticity, a reflex which is both not inhibited by increasing cognitive load (load-insensitivity criterion) and not voluntarily controlled (intentionality criterion). The attentional
In experiment 1, participants were instructed to press a key to determine if the stimulus was red, blue, yellow, or green. On the second half of the experiment, the stimulus appeared in grey with only one colored letter which was positioned randomly. Error rates for the experiment were below 2.5% for each condition, which is quite low. Experiment 2 was the same as experiment 1 except that there were 114 data collections instead of 288 and there were 36 practice trials instead of 72. According to experiment 1 and 2 it is suggested that the effect of
The two independent variables were luminant cue patches (light cue, dark cue and equiluminant cue) and location of the cue and target (valid side with cue and target on same side and invalid side with cue and target on opposite sides). The dependent variable was participants’ reaction time in millisecond.
The subjects than used the SSP test to determine their speed when executing and voluntarily inhibiting a motor response. It involved two concurrent tasks which gauge reaction time as well as accuracy.
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They were able to answer questions such as the reaction between the visual and verbal reactions. The impact in terms of degree of interference was also evident from the results. The source of interference are the study aspects; color and naming. The conflicting color and word stimuli had an impact on the time taken by the subjects to read the given world. The authors argue that this was due to lack of coherence between visual interpretation and the expected verbal reaction. The subject gender had an impact on the results. The females had a better verbal reaction time compared to the males. According to the authors, this could be attributed to how the two genders normally react to color stimuli. Ideally, women usually possess high color stimulus-response
The ability to live a just life even when circumstances do not allow and there are no future benefits rests on a person, and is indeed possible. Being just takes more than a personality and extends to the belief that life has rewards far much better than what people see in normal circumstances. According to Plato, philosophers are the best in terms of leading just lives, and the nature of what they do makes them see things differently, which further prompts the idea of a just life. It follows that living a just life starts at a person’s early stages in life, and the upbringing influences outcomes, as well. In order to live a just life, therefore, the form of upbringing nurtures this requirement in a person’s soul and they see the need to be good and just in every aspect. It then becomes worthwhile for such people to live a just life since they do not see reasons for doing otherwise. Being just forms part and parcel of a person’s life, and such people appreciate life with every experience it brings since it is from such that they as well learn.