Radium Research Paper

In the Network Design Paper I will explain how the University has recently leased a building in Adelphi, Maryland. The measurements of the University is 240 feet long, 95 feet wide and 30 feet tall and broken down to two different floors. This University will be used for education purposes of course, the facility will be made of six instructional labs, seven offices, library, five classrooms, a student lobby and a computer lab. There will be a server room on each floor. The purpose of this paper is to explain the design of the networks in this building. The student accessed computers will be set up on a separate network than the network that they staff will be using.

The pair were both very dedicated scientists and at first worked on separate projects. Marie was very interested in the work of a French physicist named Henri Becquerel. He discovered that uranium casts off rays. Marie Curie took Henri Becquerel’s work a little further and conducted experiments on uranium rays. She discovered that the rays remained the same despite the condition or form of the uranium. This idea created the field of atomic physics and Madame Curie invented the term radioactivity to describe the occurrence. Later, in 1897, Marie and Pierre had a daughter. The birth of their daughter didn’t slow down their work. In order to help Marie with her exploration of radioactivity, Pierre decided to put his work aside. In 1898 they both discovered a new radioactive element. They named it polonium in honor of Marie’s country, Poland. The pair also discovered the existence of another radioactive material in the pitchblende, they named it radium. In 1902, the pair announced that they made a decigram of pure radium and demonstrated its existence as a special chemical element.

This is what led Curie to take Becquerel’s work a few steps further and conduct her own experiments on uranium rays. She discovered that the rays were constant no matter what form or condition of the uranium. She theorized the rays came from the atomic structure. This idea was revolutionary and created its own field in science, known as the atomic physics, this is when Marie coined the word “radioactivity” to describe the phenomena. Even when they had their first daughter Irene in 1897 there work did not slow. Pierre then stopped his own studies to help Marie with her new discovery of radioactivity. In 1898 they discovered a new radioactive element. They named it polonium after Marie’s native country, Poland. They detected the presence of another radioactive element and called this radium. In 1902 they had extracted pure radium to prove its existence as a unique chemical element.

It is one of the rarest elements on the Earth with an abundance of something like one part per million (Rhenium - Element Information). Rhenium is can be found in ores like copper and molybdenum, and often in conjunction with platinum. It is used widely as a catalyst in the production of lead-free, high-octane gasoline, as an electrical contact material and quite frequently in flash photography (Rhenium). While it plays a part in all of these things, none of them rely solely on pure rhenium. It tends to be compounded with other substances. To gather rhenium, scientists use the method of copper refining to extract it from the copper ore. With rhenium being an extremely rare element, it is in high demand for its pure form. It costs $1,600 to buy 100 grams of the element, or $250 for one troy ounce (#75 - Rhenium - Re). While one may be thinking, “Who would spend that much on an element and what would they do with it?” The truth is that since it is a rare and disappearing substance, many people actually purchase it as an investment. Purchasing it is open to the public and it sells fast. Rhenium is a benefit to our society because it is a strong element that is highly resistant to heat and water. It is also used for electrical contact and is a huge part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) considering it is needed for fuel and turbines as well (Rhenium - Element Information).

The infamous ‘Radium Girls’ disaster stemmed from one of the most influential scientific discoveries of the late 19th century; the element of Radium. French chemists Marie and Pierre Curie first reported the discovery of Radium in 1898 (Sutera, 2013, p. 1) when they found it embedded within small amounts of Uranium Ore (Carter, 1 Paragraph 5). Marie and Pierre were surprised to note that this amazing new element glowed in the dark (Carter, 2007, p. 1). Little did the French scientists know that this interesting new element would have a sublethal effect on hundreds of young factory workers in the years to come.

In 1898, they announced the discovery of two new elements, polonium and radium. Marie Curie's Journey began with her fascination for the phenomenon of radioactivity, which was relatively new and an unexplored field at the time. Through meticulous experimentation, she was able to isolate and identify polonium, named after the country she was born in, Poland. This discovery marked the first time a new element had been found solely through chemical analysis. Shortly after the discovery of polonium, Marie Curie and Pierre Curie continued their research and were able to isolate another element, which they named radium.

Radium paint used zinc sulfide phosphor, usually trace metal doped with copper (for green light), silver (blue-green), and more rarely copper-magnesium (for yellow-orange light). The phosphor degrades relatively fast and the dials lose luminosity in several years to a few decades, despite the long half-life of the Ra-226 isotope (~1600 years); clocks and other devices available from antique shops and other sources therefore are not luminous any more, though they are still radioactive and can be identified with a Geiger

Those different forms of the element are called isotopes. Each isotope has a half-life, for example if I bought 10 grams of an isotope whose half-life is 437 years. After the 437 years I would only have half the amount of what I bought. Americium has 12 isotopes which known are known to not be natural and are known to have a mass number between 232 and 247. The longest-lived isotopes of Americium are Americium 243 at a half-life of 7370 years, Americium 241 at a half-life of 432.2 years, and Americium 242 at a half-life 141 years. Even though Americium 243 and 241 are the most abundant of Americium’s isotopes, Americium 241 is the most

Radium at this time it was one of the most expensive substances on the planet, it cost about three million dollars per ounce. It was highly advised to not be using radium because it was causing many deaths to the scientist using it. The harmful element was helpful for very bright lights and X-rays, in fact, one women accidentally licked radium and it made her whole body glow. Radium is 88 on the periodic table, it is alkaline metal, and is very radioactive.

They had discovered two new radioactive elements, and named them polonium and radium. They wanted to study the radioactive element more closely but they could only get tiny amounts of these elements. It took more than three years for them to collect less than one gram of

As fireworks dazzle the night sky, it is the rubidium element that is responsible for the purple color in the explosive display. Two German scientists, Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff, discovered rubidium in 1861 while analyzing samples of lepidolite with a machine called a spectroscope (Helmenstine, 2013). This amazing element has an atomic number of 37 and an atomic mass of 85.4678. In addition, rubidium has 37 protons, 37 electrons as well as 48 neutrons. Rubidium’s symbol is Rb and it has 29 known isotopes.

Finally, at the end of 1898 Marie and Pierre Curie discovered the hidden element and named it radium, but they needed to prove that radium existed. The Curies need supplies, so they got pitcheblend from a factory in Australia, which would obtain uranium from pitchblende for manufacturing use. They let the Curies have their waste of pitchblende (Birch 37). After getting their supplies, they needed to find a larger setting to work in. The principal of the School of Physics allowed them to do their experiments in a shed in the school yard (Birch 38).

A few scientists have discovered Tritium in 1939, such as: Lord Ruthfird, Sir John Cockroft, Ernest Lawrence, Luis Alvarez and a few more. Tritium was discovered through the method of isolation of deuterium oxide to prepare deuterium gas. By flooding the elements with accelerated ions such as protons and helium ions it becomes possible to produce

This research topic is significant to the current property market in Singapore and its sudden increased demand for houses despite the economic downturn, exploring deeper as to whether the government policies were the real influential causes to this boom in property demand. It has relevance to the economic concepts of demand and supply, elasticity, inflation and monopolistic competition. This topic is worthy of investigation because it is a hot media topic in Singapore, and is widely debated in the country because it’s the most expensive household asset.[2]

They now began the tedious and monumental task of isolating these elements so that their chemical properties could be determined. During the next four years, working in a leaky wooden shed, they processed a ton of pitchblende, laboriously isolating from it a fraction of a gram of radium.      In 1903,