Racial Racism And Racial Discrimination

Lindsay Perez Huber and Daniel G. Solorzano " Racial microaggressions as a tool for critical race research.

Both authors use history to explain the negative interactions between people of different ethnicities. Parrillo reveals why prejudice is frequent within minority groups and Fredrickson discusses the four different ways people of different ethnicities have associated with one another. Both Parrillo and Fredrickson discuss societal interactions and how whites are always the dominant group that remind the minorities of their superiority. Whites have denied African Americans equality and assimilation to white culture and deemed the Chinese as conniving competition for jobs. Throughout history, whites have never been on the receiving end of prejudice or anything less than dominant. Although both authors do not view whites in a negative light, both

Microaggressions have been further generalized under a category of racism identified as aversive racism, where discriminating parties tend to find security by associating with those similar to them, thus marginalizing other parties. While working with his colleagues, Sue further categorized microaggressions into three different divisions: microassaults, microinsult, and microinvalidation. This further categorization has let those guilty of using microaggressions how they have the negative effect that they do.

President Clinton advisory board spoke of this very unawarness of microassult upon people of color "RAB (Race Advisory Board) advised that racism still remains to be the most divisive factor in the American society and that most white American are unaware of their racial discrimination tendencies towards the persons of color", a very true statement. The effects of racial microaggression in are education system goes beyound the indignits of sulrs in the education system and higher learning. In vewing fourteen African Amerians menand women equally and thier interactions with white collegues and the insults which are endured by thier white students(Chevella T. Pitttman 2012). I interviewed a black female prefessor in the community college to hear her view as a faculity member on all white facuality.

I suggest racial disparities and perception cannot be legislated away. I hope to illustrate in this paper how Micro and macro- racial formations are the reason, as shown in the Pew research report “Martin Luther king’s dream remains elusive 50 years later.” and unless people acknowledge that it is our recognizing and controlling or individual limbic brain centered micro- racial formations coupled with those in powers macro -racial formations and learn to not act racist is the key to any realization of Martin Luther king’s dream.

This paper serves as a personal reflection of the implication of racial microaggressions in daily life. Three journal articles and a book chapter are explored in an effort to obtain a greater understanding of the effects of racial microaggressions experienced by people of color and to bring light to how often racial microaggressions are committed by White Americans without notice or accompanied by attempts to explain away the offenses. The sources used provide examples of obvious acts of discrimination as well as subtle microaggressions which are often unconsciously or naively perpetrated and go on to offer recommendations for professional counselors in order to both provide a framework for helping clients of color to cope with encounters of microaggressions and highlight the need of awareness of possible racial microaggressions present during counselor-client interactions which may result in negative impacts on the therapeutic process. Racial microaggressions are broken down into subcategories of microassaults, microinsults, and microinvalidations, providing a deeper explanation of my own experiences with such discriminatory actions. This ultimately leads to a decision of continuation of training with a necessary focus on increasing mindfulness and field experiences in respect to the subject of racial microaggressive behaviors and attitudes.

Microaggressions manifest in many ways such as, “You’re lucky that you're black”, “Don’t you wish you were white”, and “What are you”. These comments can be very insulting to a person. “Don’t you wish you were white” can be very insulting to an African American or Hispanic person. In other words, this example illustrates that the colored person is viewed down upon since they are not white. An African American is viewed down because they were slaves and since they are not white, whites are seen as rich and powerful. Sometimes a simple insult like, “You’re smart,” can offend a person without you knowing it. When someone says, “You’re smart,” people can start questioning themselves about their abilities and intelligence, but there is a way to respond.

An example of a microassault would be intentionally serving a Caucasian family at a restaurant first before serving an African American family (Neville, Spanierman, & Lewis, 2012). Microinsults are depicted by communications that express insensitivity and rudeness. They also disgrace an individual’s racial heritage. Microinsults comprise of insensitive comments that are made on the basis of a range of racial assumptions about citizenship, intelligence, criminality, and cultural values and aesthetics. While microinsults are subtle insults that are unknown to the perpetrator, they communicate a hidden insulting message to the recipient. The context of what is communicated is very important. Microinsults can be communicated nonverbally. An example of a microinsult would be when an employee asking a coworker of color how they got their job, suggesting that they only got the job because they needed a minority in the group (Neville, Spanierman, & Lewis, 2012). The last form of microaggressions, microinvalidation are communications that negate or minimize the racialized experiences of people of

They can tend to convey rudeness and insensitivity. Even the most well intentioned person can let out some sort of microaggression, being unaware that their conduct was harmful. Unfortunately a lot of microagression is conscious in the intention to oppress people not similar to them. Microassaults are intentional aggressive actions that involve race such as denying ones children to date someone of a different race. Lastly there is microinvalidation, where one excludes a persons thoughts or feelings, such as colorblindness, to the disregard of the characteristics of race. The process of microgression is order of five phases. Phase one, the incident, is where the participant experiences the situation. Phase two, the perception is when the participant has the belief whether the situation was racial or not. Phase three, the reaction, is where they respond to the situation. Then there is phase four where the participant interprets the meaning. Lastly is phase five, consequence, where behavior or thought processes happen over time as an outcome of the situation.

I have read and fully understand the article Racial Microaggressions in Everyday Life: the Implications for Clinical Practice. However, I must admit the article does not sit well with me and I have learned I have been a microaggressor since my early days; specifically, I have offered microinsults many times over without even realizing it. Through the years, I have thought of myself as one who consciously believes in equal rights for “all”; not just the American people, but people of all races across the entire globe. Granted, I have never

This paper will discuss the racial microaggression how it has influenced the United States in the past decade. Then, describe the racial microaggression influence that affects the individual view. Next describe the community-level influence, impact of racial microaggression, and racial stereotypes are a major problem in our society. Then, discuss the research on racial microaggression is it a social condition that can arise as a result of the conformity of individuals within a society. Also, explain conformity, social, condition, and socially as well as, the attitudes and beliefs, norms, and implicit behaviors. However, discuss the culture in society along with the dynamics of subtle racial microaggression. Also, discuss the family structure facing racial microaggression. Furthermore, discuss the ethnic, racial microaggression with the racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of microaggression. For instance, discuss the different racial and ethnic group are unequal in power, resources, prestige, and presumed worth.

Racism and racial stereotypes have existed throughout human history. The radical belief associated by thinking the skin color, language, or a person’s nationality is the reason that someone is one way or another has become extremely detrimental to society. Throughout human existence it has sparked tension between groups of people and ultimately influenced wars and even caused slavery. Racism in America dates back to when Native Americans were often attacked, relocated, and assimilated into European culture. Since then, racism within the states has grown to include various other cultures as well. In the essays by Brent Staples, Bharati Mukherjee, and Manuel Munoz, they discuss the various causes as well as the effects that racial stereotyping can place on a victim and the stigma it leaves behind for the society to witness.

Although our culture is said to be completely removed from the idea of racial discrimination, this sense of inequality can be seen occurring behind the scenes within our society. Within the subtopic of race, several areas including our current culture, social psychology and the current format of our social institutions allow for the production and often the reproduction of racial discrimination in our day and age. Throughout this course, the various readings and class lectures have been very beneficial when examining the impact that racial discrimination and inequality has on our society. In this paper, I will delve into the subtopic of race and ethnicity and expound on how it is greatly influenced by our culture, social psychology, and social institutions around us today.

Whether you believe it or not, racial discrimination is not a controversial matter of the past and has a profound impact on society. Nowadays we still inherit unconsciously misconceptions and prejudices that happen to be unnoticed in our day by day. Consequently, in order to raise awareness upon the connotation of this matter, we must educate people on behalf of assertiveness and comprehension. Therefore, it is remarkably important to acknowledge: the negative impact of racial discrimination on the individual and society, the necessity of derogating misconceptions and the values of cultural diversity.

People used to think when Barack Obama got elected as the 44th president of United States in 2008 that they lived in a post-racial society. However, naive to think the United States could become a post-racial society and that discrimination was over. But ever since Obama became president there has been mass shootings against people of color or to the LGBT community by a police officer or by a citizen. For example, the Orlando nightclub shooting on June 12, 2016, dozens of LGBT people massacred by one citizen what apparently was the act of terrorism. Consequently, it made the idea of a post-racial society in the United States controversial on the fact that racism will be over after Obama became president. In his article, Daniel Solórzano an Associated Professor in the Graduate School of Education at UCLA and his colleagues is about the stress that associated with occupying minority racial/ethnic status on predominantly white campuses. In his first feature film, Dear White People, Justin Simien, an American filmmaker, actor, and author, accurately demonstrates the issue on racial microaggressions and campus racial climate affecting the educational experiences of students of color. Therefore, “Dear White People” portraits as a racial microaggression and stereotype threat film against students of color on campus. However, besides students facing stereotype threats and microaggressions they, but on a day-to-day basis.