Racial Differences

The achievement gap is defined as the disparity between the performance groups of students, especially groups defined by gender, race/ethnicity, ability and socio-economic status. The achievement gap can be observed through a variety of measures including standardized test scores, grade point averages, drop out rates, college enrollment and completion rates. The Black-White achievement gap is a critical issue in modern society’s education system. Although data surrounding the issue clearly indicates that the racial performance gap exists in areas of standardized tests, graduation rates, dropout rates, and enrollment in continuing education, the causative reasons for the gap are ambiguous—therefore presenting a significant challenge in

The data is compared to those students come from affluent socioeconomic status and backgrounds. The data is sourced from several diverse locations in order to give the broadest view of the disparities that exist. Howard (2010) compares data in reading, mathematics, SAT results and disciplinary rates. This data is a formidable beginning to the content of the book because it provides context for the reader to better understand the achievement gap.

This Black-White performance gap is even more evident when comparing students whose parents have equal years of schooling. This article evaluates how schools can positively affect this disparity by examining two potential sources for this difference: teachers and students. It provides evidence for the proposition that teachers ' perceptions, expectations, and behaviors interact with students ' beliefs, behaviors, and work habits in ways that help to perpetuate the Black-White test score gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The question that seems to be an ongoing topic of discussions is whether or not biological differences has any scientific validity when relating to race. The concept of race was established over the years based on physical features and variations of skin tone. These variations stem from environmental conditions causing slight variations in our genome. The essence of Homo sapiens is the same with slight variations in the DNA strands know as alleles. These variations are what cause physical differences that make up what we have defined over the years classified as different races. The variations have not evolved enough to prevent reproduction amongst the races.

Contemporary education reforms study on the continuous black-white achievement gap in the public schools, in America. In the book, “Multiplication is meant for White People”: Raising Expectations for Other people’s Children, Lisa Delpit focuses on these reforms and informs educators that education gap does not exist at birth.. Through her experience in the field and as a mother, she gives strategies for raising the expectations of minority or underperforming children especially the blacks. The book has many references of elementary to university success stories of mentioned practitioners.

The “gap” as referred to in the title, is the distribution of the scores on achievement tests that differ between black and white students in the United States. The purpose of this study was to record the degree of the gap in achievement scores, decide how much of the racial gap is due to social-class, how the gap differed in the 30-year period, and how that which is credited to the social-class has changed over the years.

The “achievement gap” in education refers to the disparity in academic performance between groups of students. The achievement gap is shown in grades, standardized-test scores, course selection, dropout rates, among other success measures. It’s most often used to describe the troubling performance gaps between African-American and latino students, towards the lower end of the performance scale, compared to their white peers, and the similar academic differences between students from low-income families and those who are privileged. In the past decade, scholars and policy makers began focusing their attention on other achievement gaps, such as those based on sex, English language and learning disabilities.

the term receivement gap is useful because it focuses attention on educational inputs-what the students receive on their educational journey, instead of outputs-their performance on a standardized test. This refocusing also moves attention away from the students as the source of these disparities, and toward the larger structure and forces that play a role in their education and development (p. 417). Venzant-Chambers (2009) asserted the issue of the Black and White achievement gap must be viewed through other lenses opposed to the single view of Black students cannot perform as well as White students. Venzant-Chambers (2009) offered other avenues by which to examine the achievement gap such as school tracking, examining the

The amount of high school graduates in the United States is significantly less for minority students (Wagner, 2008). Less than one-third of minority students in the United States high schools obtain a high school diploma (Wagner, 2008). As the Hispanic population continues to grow rapidly, the ratio of Hispanic students enrolled in K-12 public schools by 2020 will be one in four students (Maxwell, 2012). According to Noguera & Akom (2000), the achievement gap for Hispanics is relatively transparent through their high dropout rates, college completion rates, and their low educational achievement. The dropout rate for Hispanics is approximately

is through socioeconomic status. According to Sean Reardon, a main outcome of the widening income gap for families has been a widening gap in achievement among children, which he refers to as the income achievement gap (Reardon, 2011). Therefore, the children of the poor remain at an educational disadvantage when their parents’ income becomes as much of a predictor of their educational achievements, as their parents’ educational obtainment. To emphasize the results of the income achievement gap, Reardon states, “As the children of the rich do better in school, and those who do better in school are more likely to become rich, we risk producing an even more unequal and economically polarized society” (Reardon, 2011, p. 111). For example, as standardized testing shifted towards standardized achievement testing to determine a student’s academic achievement, parental investment in their children’s cognitive development began to increase. Educational disparities occur when affluent families can very easily afford tutoring outside of the classroom for their children to perform highly, while children being raised in impoverished homes are at a disadvantage, and at a lower chance of doing well on these exams. This becomes problematic when SAT reading, math, and writing scores increase with income as exemplified by the disproportionately small amount of minority students in higher education (Brand lecture,

Knowledge of various bony parts of the hip joint will not only help the radiologists, but will also be of enormous interest to the orthopedic surgeons and for making implants. The race, heredity and geographical areas have a strong influence on the anthropometric parameters of the bone. The femur is one of the most studied of the human bones. The different parameters of femur are studied by various researchers found variations in these parameters. Particular neck of femur shaft angle was ranging from about from 125⁰ to 132⁰ (Samaha, A. A., et al., 2007). It was observed that these dimensions are greater in men in comparison with that of women, but the difference was statistically significant (Chauhan, R., et al., 2002). Isaac, B., et al., (1998) investigated a total of 171 adult South Indian femur to be used to measure the neck-shaft angle length of the neck, maximum vertical diameter of the head, and kinematic radius femoral maximum length. The neck-shaft angle ranges from 120 ° to 136 ° with an average of 126.7 °, and no significant side difference.

This paper focuses on the academic disparities between majority and minority students based on educational assessments. African-American and Hispanic students are scoring significantly lower than White and Asian students in mathematics and language arts. The literature explores reasons for minority students’ underperformance based on economic and other disadvantages. In order to close the gap between minority and majority students the factors have contributed to the divide, must be addressed the conditions of schools, teacher preparation, the quality of coursework, teachers’ perceptions of students, and curriculum rigor. Many of these issues affecting African-American and Hispanic students’ performance are external factors over which

It does not take much for someone to realize that in today’s society, there are still inequalities in our country. America may be a hundred and fifty years past the civil war when white and black racial lines were erased, but they are more present today than in recent years. The recurrence of these racial lines has been caused by the economic gap, violence on the streets, and miscommunication of facts.

I enjoyed how you incorporated the aspect that children and teens would learn about hard work extensively, even in places that are already abundant with healthy food. I also liked how you brought attention to the fact that racial stereotypes could be broken by having everyone work together. Racial difference is problems that can be solved slowly if everyone works together to attain a certain goal, which in this case is healthier food. Although this sort of project will help people work and understand the value of the work being put into food, do you think people will actually end up buying and eating all these fresh fruits and vegetables even though they've been regularly accustomed to eating unhealthy food?

Improving student achievement across the board for all students who are able to take part in reduced-size classes is quite the achievement, however, the rewards do not end there. One of the most prevalent and timeworn injustices of our nation is the achievement gap between low-income minority students and their higher-income white peers. Even at its inception, inequality has been woven into the fabric that makes up the education system. There is a long standing history that proves minorities and those from low-income areas have always been at a disadvantage and routinely perform well below their peers on standardized tests. For minorities and individuals from low socioeconomic backgrounds this achievement gap perpetuates a dangerous cycle. This disparity bleeds into every part of society from the lack of higher education to the incarceration rate. In every single research study that was reviewed it was clear that smaller class-size benefited minority students, children who are eligible for free or reduced lunch