Final exam question 1
Part 1: Write an essay elaborating the development of race in America. How did American ideas about race, form and develop through the year 1877?
The beginning of the idea of race lies in the long and complicated history of the United States and Western Europe. The people, the government, the cultures, the religions, the values and the different ideologies from different regions are the notions that have shaped the American understanding about race. When Europeans first arrived on the American mainland in the early sixteenth century, they encountered many conflicts with the people of the country during that time, who were also called Native Americans. This was their first face-to-face meeting with another group of people,
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When they tried to establish their own settlements on the Eastern coast, in the Virginia Colonies and the Southwest regions. By the seventeenth century, there was a system of indentured servitude set up by the colonists that included both European servants and African servants. In the mid-1670s, there was a mini revolution called the Bacon’s Rebellion. In this uprising, both white servants and black slaves who worked under Virginia planters with an indentured servitude went against the plantation owners. Basically, this was a revolution of servants, whether white or black, against the Virginian planters. After this mutiny, the future of the black slaves flipped completely. The white servants were viewed as being superior to the black servants, even though they were servants. Additionally, the black slaves had to no longer have to serve for an indentured period of time, but were chained for their entire life under the clutches of …show more content…
They did not give them basic rights on their own mainland. Also, they completely swept aside the liberties of the African American slaves. They were treated inhumanely and looked at like animals, and here, the colonists were fighting for their freedom from the British crown while completely ignoring the freedoms of their own people. They wanted to feel their white supremacy over African American slaves and Native Americans as well. Thomas Jefferson himself, was promoting the idea that whites were superior and that blacks were inferior to them. Slaves were whipped to death so that they would not run away. Ironically, the torture was the reason that made them run away, which the white plantation owners did not seem to understand. By 1850, the northern states and the southern states had heavy debates and violent occurrences to describe slavery and, the need to have or not to have slaves. African American slaves provided free labor in the southern states since crops needed hard labor to flourish and what could have been a better choice for plantation owners to make profit other than owning black slaves than white servants. African slaves were cheap, inexpensive and could provide with hard labor which was exactly what the plantation owners
The first African Americans that were put to work in Jamestown were not treated in the way that people traditionally think of early slavery. In fact they were treated just as the indentured servants that had come from England were treated. This does not mean that they were treated with any sympathy or given easy work, but that they just were not discriminated by the color of their skin. In the beginning of the 1600s all servants had the same dream, to one day be free. In 1641, a black slave by the name of Anthony Johnson, was freed and given his own land to start his new life as an American (Johnson et al, Africans, 39). At this point in time the only things that separated people were if you were an owner or a servant and if you were a Christian or not. At some point in the mid 1700s something changed the way that the colonists saw things. All of a sudden there was no longer equal treatment of white and black slaves, the darker the color of ones skin was the worse off their life became. In 1640, three slaves tried escaping to Maryland but were unsuccessful, when they were brought upon the court two of the
In 1619, Virginia was an isolated British settlement on the Chesapeake Bay. It was sparsely populated by men trying to make the colony profitable for England. But the colonists were devastated by hunger, disease, and raids by Native Americans. So when the White Lion, a badly damaged Dutch slave ship arrived, carrying 20 kidnapped black Africans, the colonists bartered food and services for the human cargo. The Africans started working for the colonists. They would work 7 years of hard labor in exchange for land and freedom. But when colonies started to prosper, the colonists were reluctant to lose their labor. Since the Africans did not have citizenship, they were not subject to English common law. They were workers with no rights.
whereas the lifetime of AN bound servant was harsh and restrictive, it wasn\'t slavery. there have been laws that protected a number of their rights. however their life wasn\'t a straightforward one, and also the punishments administered to folks that wronged were harsher than those for non-servants. AN bound servant\'s contract may be extended as social control for breaking a law, like deed, or within the case of feminine servants, changing into pregnant.For people who survived the work and received their freedom package, several historians argue that they were at an advantage than those new immigrants United Nations agency came freely to the country. Their contract could have enclosed a minimum of twenty five acres of land, a year\'s price of corn, arms, a cow and new garments. Some servants did rise to become a part of the colonial elite, except for the bulk of bound servants that survived the treacherous journey by ocean and also the harsh conditions of life within the New World, satisfaction was a modest life as a citizen in an exceedingly burgeoning colonial economy.In 1619 the primary black Africans came to Virginia. With no slave laws in situ, they were at the start treated as bound servants, and given constant
The decline of indentured servitude and the rise of chattel slavery were caused by economic factors of the English settlers in the late 17th century. Colonists continually tried to allure laborers to the colony. The head right system was to give the indentured servant a method of becoming independent after a number of years of service. Colonists chiefly relied on Indentured Servitude, in order to facilitate their need for labor. The decreasing population combined with a need for a labor force, led colonists to believe that African slaves were the most efficient way to acquire a labor force that would satisfy their needs.
Slaves existed in the England's North American colonies throughout the 1600s. However, indentured servitude was very common before the 1680s. “For half a century or so after 1620, most laborers were indentured servants; only a small proportion were African slaves” (Clark, Hewitt, Brown& Jaffee, 2007 p64). Indentured servants were people who signed an indenture, a contract by which they agreed to work for a serval number of years in exchange for transportation to colonies; in addition, they would get food, clothing, land, and freedom.
Slavery dates back to the seventeenth century, when they were brought by ship from Africa to America. Plantation owners has indentured servants from Europe, who was serving time for their actions, and slaves from Africa. There was a prevalent development of degrading treatment towards African slaves and the institution of slavery as a whole in the time period of 1607- 1750 in Virginia which can be seen by slaves getting taken advantage of, children being taken away or runaway ads and also not receiving the same basic human rights as other individuals .
The decline of indentured servitude and the rise of chattel slavery were caused by economic factors of the English settlers in the late 17th century. Colonists continually tried to allure laborers to the colony. The head right system was to give the indentured servant a method of becoming independent after a number of years of service. Colonists chiefly relied on Indentured Servitude, in order to facilitate their need for labor. The decreasing population combined with a need for a labor force, led colonists to believe that African slaves were the most efficient way to acquire a labor force that would satisfy their needs.
Slavery was not common when African men first arrived in 1619. Institution in the south happened gradually and rapidly after the major event of Bacon’s Rebellion in 1676. The transition was not expensive to create in the early colonial period. Before slavery, approximately one third to one and a half of migrates in
After the slaves surrendered, the remaining members of the slaves that rebelled were hung for their crimes. These slaves were made an example to all other slaves, making them not even want to attempt to rebel in the future. This rebellion led to much harsher slave codes that were enforced in the colony. It also restricted the slaves so much that it meant that they could not go anywhere without their owners permission at any time. “The Negro Act of 1740 was passed which prohibited enslaved people from growing their own food, assembling in groups, earning money they, rather than their owners, could retain or learning to read.” (The Black Past.org)
While the black slaves had been torn from their culture and their land. Not only were they forced into a situation where everything was different, but they were torn from their families. They colonist even had a system that was both Psychological and Physical to try and discipline the slaves. The slaves rarely submitted willingly.
Slaves in the colonies during the revolution were faced with no real options and little liberty. The slaves’ lot in life varied greatly between individual experiences. Those slave owners who had only a few slaves generally treated their slaves better than those with large numbers of slaves. Even if they were treated well, the slaves had little in the way of freedom. They would be required to work throughout the day at the bidding of their masters and had no recourse to whatever punishment was given at their master’s hands. The slaves also had little hope of ever obtaining freedom for themselves and their children (Pavao, n.d.).
Race relations are an ever prominent issue in American society. Controversies focusing around race are a commonly seen smeared across the front page of the newspaper or headlining on the evening news. The opposition is usually between a minority group and "The Man," a colloquialism used by many Blacks to refer to the overwhelming power stemming from white racist tendencies. This racial tension can sometimes can cause the oppressed to band together against the oppressor. Many times, the most prevalent link is between the African American community and the Latino community. Here we find two groups of people with very similar lifestyles who find camaraderie between themselves when dealing
In 1492 Columbus sailed the Ocean Blue. Everyone knows the story of Christopher Columbus; they are taught it in grade school if not before then. When he landed in America by accident, he had no idea that he would be creating the world's largest Melting Pot. This "melting pot" provided means for a new country, made from a mixture of many cultures and beliefs, thus creating a new country with a new and ever-changing culture. One complication with a Melting Pot is that you cannot put people of different race and ethnicity together without conflict.
American society likes to believe that race relations in our country are no longer strained. We do not want to hear about the need for affirmative action or about the growing numbers of white supremacist groups. In order to appease our collective conscious, we put aside the disturbing fact that racism is alive and well in the great U.S.A. It hides in the workplace, it subtly shows its ugly face in the media, and it affects the education of minority students nationwide. In the following excerpts from an interview with a middle class African American male, the reader will find strong evidence that race plays a major role in determining the type and quality of education a student receives.
During the 1600s, a small number of African American slaves worked on plantations because, until the end of this time, it cost the slave owners less to buy white servants than slaves. However, this changed by the end of the 17th century as the African American slaves became set apart as a different group than the white servants and cost a substantial amount less than that of a white servant slavery (“The Roots of Racism”). At this point slavery was, like in Ancient Rome, based off of economic reasons and did not involve any racial discriminations. This idea of slavery changed over time as rebellions broke out. These rebellions, such as the Bacon’s Rebellion, brought on full-scale racial slavery (“The Roots of Racism”). This began the process of African Americans being thought of as “subhuman” and strengthened the idea of white supremacy. This showed a major development between the two societies as the Romans developed slavery to have their work done for them, but this idea gradually changed into an almost entirely racial act, as shown in America. Slavery in America did benefit those who owned slaves, but unlike in Ancient Rome, the slaves were based off certain races and was used to almost punish those who were