Qnt/561 Applied Business Research & Statistics

The President of the United States is the most powerful wo/man in the world. There are few limits to what s/he can do. The Constitution created the institution of the presidency in 1789, power of the president has gradually grown from what was first envisioned. The presidential powers were set up to be limited by separation of powers into three branches of government, by the checks and balances scribed in the constitution, by federal systems, political parties and the media. The president is elected for a four-year term in office, maximum of eight years. Framers of the Articles of Confederation felt that liberty could only be enjoyed with checks set up by an executive branch of government. The

Explain the importance of random sampling. What problems/limitations could prevent a truly random sampling and how can they be prevented?

Sample is the 33,160 responses. The population seemed to be the entire population. The sample is a voluntary response sample because subscribers could choose to respond or not. It is not likely to be a representation of the greater population.

The mean of the sample will be different from or unequal to the mean of the general population.

The union’s preliminary agreement were if five percent of the players tested positive, then random testing would occur in the 2004-2005 season, more than five percent of the players were

1. A 95 percent confidence interval estimate will have a margin of error that is approximately + 95 percent of the size of the population mean.

Throughout recent years, applicant drug testing has become one of the most prevalently used strategies by many organizations to control substance abuse in the workplace. Drug testing is a selection tool used by organizations to determine whether or not an individual has previously used drugs and/or alcohol. Most employers find that drug testing, if done correctly, is a worthwhile investment associated with increased workplace safety, lower absenteeism, fewer on-the-job accidents, improved productivity, lower theft rates, and less medical and workers' compensation expenses (Grondin 142). By identifying and screening out substance abusers, organizations believe that they are also screening out those

Drug testing in the workplace is a touchy issue for both employers and employees. Employers who drug test current and potential employees do so for several reasons. There are some industries and tasks which are very sensitive because of the material used, or the processes involved in the work, or because the work concerns matters of national security. There are numerous practical reasons for employers to test employees for illegal or illicit substances as well as legal substances that in excess cause harm to the person taking them and/or those around the person taking drugs. There exists a boundary between drug testing for safety and drug testing as a way to invade the privacy of employees for a number of reasons including excessive control, blackmail, or other forms of manipulation.

Sampling error: The amount of confidence involved in a sample result- the amount is dependent on the size of the sample. This is significant because it can often lead to misleading poll results.

I prefer to have in my sampling accuracy as my result could be more close to the true value.

A second form of probability theory is shown through systematic sampling. Systematic sampling is used more frequently by researchers versus simple random sampling if the available criterion has already been established. Through systematic

It is a common known fact that if the school announces that there is random drug testing many people will stop drug use due to the fear of being tested and fear of parents or other peers/teachers learning of their status as a drug user and abuser (NLCATP. 11 Essential Pros and Cons of Drug Testing in Schools, n.d.).

To conclude, the mandatory random drug testing has many benefits. On top of benefitting the companies, the random drug testing will also be beneficial to the companies. For instance, the mandatory random drug testing could increase the productivity of the employees, increase the safety of the employees and help out those employees who are in need. Critics may worry about the negative implications of the increased cost of the companies and the violation of personal space; yet the increase in productivity could offset the cost of the drug test, and a careful process of drug testing could eliminate the problem of the violation of personal

Companies drug test employees to help their efficiency in the workplace. By these random drug tests, companies can keep track of their employee’s illegal activities and help the company. Job performance can be predicted based if the employee does use drugs, to an employee that doesn’t involve in illegal activities. Terrence R. Corwan did a study of the quality of work a drug abuser will do

McKinney, Joseph R. "Random Drug Testing Can Prevent Student Drug Abuse." Addiction. Ed. Christina Fisanick. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2009. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "The Effectiveness and Legality of Random Student Drug Testing Programs Revisited." RandomStudentDrugTesting.org 13 Dec. 2005. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 23 Feb.