Public Health: The Role Of Community Health In Canada

During the early 1850’s in London, life condition was very poor and unhealthy. people lived in complete filth, wasteful and unsanitized environments. While this situation occurred, the city continued to still suffer. Population boosted massively and as time went on, there began to be a lack of space throughout the neighborhood called Soho. Soho also experienced a drastic outbreak, which was cholera. Dr. John Snow was a revered anesthetist who carried out epidemiological work in Soho, London. The collision of two men named Dr. John Snow and Reverend Henry Whitehead helped them both discovered what was the true cause of the outbreak. By finding out what caused

This essay will compare the 19th, 20th and 21st century in relation to the main public health strategies used in United Kingdom. It will also compare the similarities and differences of the living conditions in towns and cities between the three named centuries above.

These influential public servers attempted to sterilize cities, which were overcrowded and filled with human feces. Surprisingly some countries such as the United States, realized that the fault of inadequate public health was due to the governments of the country. Exceptionally, Chadwick and other influencers in England instituted one of the first public health laws. With the increase of public health laws, it was understood that people will not fall ill or perish; since the health laws created a decrease in pollution and spread of diverse epidemics. Also, transportation became more advanced and modern and influenced how much people traveled.

The community I decided to research and compose this paper is one from which I live, Kent County Michigan. I gathered data from several different resources such as the Kent County Health Department and Michigan Department of Community Health in order to create a community assessment. The data I collected can be broken down into four different assessment pieces.

In the summer of 1854, London was coming out as one of the most modern cities in the world. With nearly 2.4 million people living in the area at the time, the city’s infrastructure itself was having a hard time providing for the basic needs of its residents. The biggest problem existing within the city at that time was its waste removal system, or for better terms, its lack of one. Human waste was piling up everywhere, from people houses to the rivers and drinking water. This situation was the perfect breeding conditions for a number of diseases, and towards the end of that summer, one of the most deadly of them all took over. It took the work of both a physician and a local minister in order to discover the mysterious cause of the

In this assignment I am going to describe the origins of public health in the UK from the 19th century to the present day. I am also going to compare historical and current features of public health.

The ‘Close the Gap’ campaign is a health promotion initiative that focuses on the lifestyle and decisions of indigenous people in Australia as well as explaining how the Australian government needs to focus on closing the gap of poor health between indigenous and non-indigenous Australians. Through the ‘Close the Gap’ campaign it advocates the five action areas of the Ottawa Charter, which are of the following:

He linked the common illness cholera to people whom drank from the wells. He observed those getting ill and which areas and pumps they drank from and recorded it on a map, he was then able to establish all those getting ill were in fact drinking from the same pump, and consequently in 1854 John Snow removed the handle of the Broad Street pump and ceased the epidemic of Cholera in Soho, London

Strengthening community action is instrumental in establishing positive health outcomes in young people. In strengthening community action, various support networks are put into place to not only prevent

Public health may have remained a pool of disease was it not for the reforms made in the middle ages Though the town authorities tried their best, London was probably the most unsanitary town in England. Slowly, however, rules were made and enforced. In 1301 four women butchers were fined for throwing the blood and guts of slaughtered animals into the street. By 1370, 12 teams of 'muck' collectors combed the streets for animal and human excrement - money could be made out of it by selling it to local farmers (which helped further spread the various diseases…)

The 1831-32 outbreak had killed an estimated 21,882 and with a threat of another during the beginning of 1848 Parliament was forced to try and prevent an outbreak, therefore after several readings the Public Health Act was passed on the 31st August 1848. The population boom can be seen as the root of the problems that the cities faced during the 1840s. The effect of the cholera epidemics was not as large as diseases like tuberculosis and typhus but these were seen as ‘poor man’s’ diseases and were commonplace in industrial cities. The threat of cholera was one parliament could not ignore, pressure was coming both from within the towns but also from the industrialists, who were influential within politics due to their financial support of the big parties. Therefore, stopping another outbreak was one of the biggest needs of the

To understand the concept of population health, it is first important to understand what defines health. The World Health Organization defines health as “the state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” (WHO, 1946). This definition implies that the experience of health is a highly personal one and impacted by multiple factors both internal and external to the individual. Population, on the other hand, is defined by Caldwell (1996) as a “large mass of people constituting some kind of definable unit to which measurements pertain” (p.306). Multiple

In the early 19th Century the vast majority of housing for the working class was in a terrible condition, which were mainly due to overcrowding, poor ventilation and unsanitary environments. These issues lead to outbreaks of cholera on a number of occasions between the years 1813 and 1865. The Public Health Act was introduced in 1848, which required all local authorities to provide towns with hygienic sewage disposal and clean water supplies. Due to the presence of disease in slums, the Sanitary Reform Act was introduced in 1866. The act gave local authorities powers to inspect the cleanliness of homes in their district. (Naidoo and Wills, 2009). As stated by Berridge, Martin and Mold (2011), the Sanitary Reform Act aimed to address the problems with sewage, household waste and contaminated

Community health is the process or characteristics that allow a community’s population and economy to survive. Community health is defined as the meeting of collective needs through identification of problems and

Toronto in 1902 was a city on the cusp of transformation. It was a city marked, like many large Western cities by the high probability of death at a young age. At this time period life in large cities was characterized by many deaths due to infectious disease. According to the death records collected from the year 1902 to 1904 by the city of Toronto, 8.1% of the total population died from gastroenteritis or typhoid. For the purposes of comparison, it is important to note that the mortality burden of all infectious diseases at this time period was extremely high, with these cases making up to 41.3% of the total population mortality. There were numerous social conditions that affected this reality, and in this particular case study, had the power to either increase or decrease the mortality burdens of infectious disease. These social factors will be further studied in the paper, and they include, but are not limited to: housing, socioeconomic status, diet, age, water quality, waste management, hygiene, rapid industrialization, increased population growth, immigration, scientific advancements, increased classification and record keeping, and the role of government. The common thread between all of these realms and typhoid, is the focus of this paper: public health. It is because of the particularly high rate of infection and death due to typhoid and gastroenteritis that I have chosen to study this particular disease over other options present in the data sample. This paper