What is psychology? The scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Development of psychology as a science Wilhelm Wundt founded the first psychology laboratory. Student of Wudnt 's, E.B. Titchner named Wundt 's approach structuralism. William James gave field an "American Stamp," invented functionalism
Contemporary approaches to psychology Biological Approach (focus on the body) Neuroscience Behavioral Approach (behavioral responses and their environmental determinants) Psychodynamic Approach (unconcious thought, early family experiences, etc) Sigmund Freud Humanistic Approach (positive qualities, capacity for growth, freedom to choose destiny) Cognitive Approach (mental processes involved in knowing how we
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When a nerve impulse reaches the terminal button, it triggers the release of neurotransmitter molecules from the synaptic vesicles. The neurotransmitter molecules flood the synaptic gap. Their movements are random, but some of them bump into receptor sites in the next neuron. Yada Yada Yada, after delivering its message, the neurotransmitter is reabsorbed by the axon that released it to await the next neural impulse.
How drugs operate on neurotransmitters to influence behavior Drugs interfere with the work of neurotransmitters. They mimic or increase the effects of a neurotransmitter, or they can block those effects. Agonist: Drug that makes or increases a neurotransmitter 's effects Antagonist: Drug that blocks a neurotransmitter 's effects
Brain imaging techniques CAT: Computerized Axial Tomography... produces a three-dimensional image obtained from X-rays of the head that are assembled into a composite image by a computer. PET: Position-emission tomography... Based on metabolic changes in the brain related to activity. Measures amount of glucose in various areas. MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging... involves creating a magnetic field around a person 's body and using radio waves to construct imagines of the person 's tissues and biochemical activities. FMRI: Allows us to see what is happening in the brain WHILE it is working
Structures of the Brain, and what they are responsible for and what happens is they malfunction Hindbrain: Located at
The brain can be considered the most complex organ in the body and the centrepiece of the nervous system. Although the brain works as a unified whole, neuroscientists have identified areas within it that perform specific functions. This makes the brain interconnected by three different layers: the central core, the limbic system, and the cerebral cortex. All of which contain structures that regulate everyday life and psychological function.
A hypothesis is an explanation that can be tested based on observation. A statistical hypothesis is testable explanation based on observation and different variables. A null hypothesis explains what the results of the experiment will be if the original hypothesis is wrong. An alternate hypothesis is the opposite result if there is or isn’t a null hypothesis. Semmelweis hypothesized that bacteria/virus filled extremities resulted in higher death rates.
Using Functional MRI helps to visualize the brain functionality through local metabolism. In this technology it allows the researcher to measure and track the brain functions by discovering the correlated changes in blood flow. From this functional Mri when a brain function is acted out the flow of oxygenated rich blood is detected and highlighted on the specific location where the functionality came from on the brain.
In past experiments the researcher would have been required to scan images of the entire brain for each comparison,
Positron Emission Tomography is a scanning technique that allows us to measure in detail the functioning of distinct areas of the human brain while the patient is comfortable, conscious and alert. PET represents a type of functional imaging, unlike X-rays or CT scans, which show only structural details within the brain. The differences between these types of imaging don’t end there.
Fused PET/CT is a recently developed technology that couples the functional information of PET with the anatomic details of CT (8).
Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or commonly known as MRI, is a technique used in medicine for producing images of tissues inside the body. It is an important diagnostic tool because it enables physicians to identify abnormal tissue without opening the body through surgery. MRI lets physicians see through bones and organs. MRI does not expose the patient to radiation, unlike tests that use X-rays. MRI provides an unparallel view inside the human body. It is the method of choice for the
Purpose: The purpose why I chose this experiment out of the hundreds upon thousands of other experiments is because this experiment is about something that I generally enjoy and because I wanted answers to a few of my questions that I knew I would only figure out on my own. My love for psychology first blossomed when my mom got into the psychology field. I was helping her with her assignments and learned a thing or two along the way. As we were learning my love for psychology grew even more.
When a patient goes in for an EEG, the location the electrode will be place on is cleaned and hair is parted. The number of electrodes placed on the scalp is normally between 12 and 20 depending on the purpose of the EGG. PET - Define: According to Brian Krans of Healthline, PET scans, or Positron Emission Tomography, are a type of imaging technique that uses radioactive tracer dye to analyze different organ function. The dye is injected via a vain in the arm and absorbs into organs and upon scanning, a doctor can see how well that organ is working.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - This technique uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images in cross section of the brain. The MRI machine allows producing 3-D images that can be viewed from different angles.
The PET scan also will show two and three-dimensional images of the brain; however, the PET scan measures brain activity. This is done by injecting radioactive isotopes into the blood stream. The isotopes attach to
Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) officially opened an institution and laboratory for Psychology, in Leipzig, Germany. Many students were also taught here on experimental psychology. Wundt was touted as a great lecturer, and some of those taught, emulated Wundt's work and made a significant contribution to psychology; for example Edward Titchner (1867-1927), who introduced structuralism to the United States of America.
Once in the synapses, the impulses triggers the release of chemical messages called neurotransmitters; which then bind to receptors on the receiving cell as the transmission of the impulse repeated again. The message or impulse continues traveling from one neuron to the next throughout the body until it reaches its destination as it relays a signal. All of this activity happens in less than a split second and without conscious thought. At the end of this process, the brain has the task of interpreting the message and making the decision as to what to do with this new information. (Carlson, 2011.Pg.45-52)
Magnetoencephalography (or MEG for short) is way to measure brain activity. It shows what parts of your brain are being used. MEG is one of the only tests that show direct brain function. Other tests including PET scans can only use evidence such as brain metabolism to record brain activity. MEG scanning is very safe and is an easily repeated test that has no long-term health implications. MEG scanning also has the advantages of giving a very clear image that is not distorted due to measurement through the skull. This is because MEG scanners contain a huge number of sensors.
An MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is a scan that uses a system of techniques, involving magnetism, radio waves and a computer to generate detailed images of the human body. Essentially, it is a tube encased by a large circular magnet. The patient would be placed on a moveable bed, which is then inserted into the tube. The magnet then creates a strong magnetic field that aligns the protons of hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms come from the human body, which is 50-65% H2O. These atoms are exposed to a beam of radio waves. This spins the various protons of the body. As they spin, they produce a slight