Prophylactic Antibiotics and the Vreation of Superbugs and Antibiotic Resistant Diseases

In the book To Kill a Mockingbird, many of the book’s characters show courage. Courage is shown when a character stands up for their beliefs, even when they face heavy opposition. They decide to fight even when they know they will most likely lose, or even if they are the only one fighting. Courage is standing up for one’s beliefs, even if it means standing alone against the whole world. Three characters who show courage are Mrs. Dubose, Atticus Finch, and Arthur “Boo” Radley.

The article “The End of Antibiotics” discusses a 57 year old man that was dying and how doctors could only sit by while his condition deteriorated. This man was not shot or stabbed, he was infected with antibiotic resistant bacteria that was slowly killing him. He died months later after being bombarded with antibiotics in the form of capsules, tablets, and IVs (Begley par.1). This is the unsettling power that superbugs like this one has over modern day medicine. A superbug is a bacteria that has evolved its cellular structure to resist antibiotics. Dr. Richard Wenzel of the University of Iowa stated, “Only a few years after penicillin came into wide use with World War II, strains of staph had emerged

Antibiotics are fed to livestock so they do not get sick and to promote weight gain which thus increase profit for farmers. These antibiotics kill off susceptible bacteria in the livestock while allowing the superbugs to thrive. Humans eventually eat these livestock hosting antibiotic-resistant superbugs. Antibiotics seem to be some physicians first choice of medication when faced with a patient in their office and the patient happens to have a fever or an inflammation. Most physicians do not take the time to call for labs involving urine or blood analysis to know if the pathogen responsible for the fever is a

I think both the government and hospitals have the responsibility to tracking this dangerous health problem and everyone has right for supporting the research for the new drug. This way we will have a better way to deal with antibiotic resistant. We will have an organize data and reports to know where the resistance is occurring like they do in

The confusion begins with the public, and their views on the topic. The research into public perception of antibiotics has occurred multiple times, each leading to a similar conclusion: the lack of awareness leads to false perceptions about the effects of antibiotics. Per the World Health Organization (WHO), surveying 10,000 people, 64% of individuals who responded believed that antibiotics could treat the flu and the cold. This is especially odd since the same percentage of people believed that AMR “is an issue that could affect them and their families” (World Health Organization). Due to the constant confusion, about if

A current predicament in the field of science is antibiotic resistance against superbugs.Though fighting against superbugs; which can be defined as a strain of bacteria unable to be killed using multiple antibiotics, is now a large problem, in the past it was not. The evolution of resistance in bacteria due to antibiotic abuse and lack of product development has brought upon us once again the fear of a pre-antibiotic era; one where simple, once easily defeated infections could kill. Already, infectious diseases are the 3rd leading cause of death in the US and the 2nd across the entire world, and drug resistant superbugs send 2 million Americans to hospitals every year; killing 23,000 of those people. And any bacterium can quickly and easily become multidrug resistant, the leading cause of this being antibiotic misuse in both humans and animals.( "Clinical Infectious Diseases." The Epidemic of Antibiotic-Resistant Infections: A Call to Action for the Medical Community from the Infectious Diseases Society of America. UCLA Medical School. Web. 27 Mar. 2016.)

Research has revealed how overprescribing antibiotic creates several adverse outcomes, including the development of multidrug resistant organisms, Clostridium difficile infection, and increased costs of health care (Myung et al., 2015). The Consumer Report (2015) raised concern for the overuse of antibiotics and how it leads to the loss of the ability to treat serious infections. Doctors,

Antibiotic resistance is becoming a more prevalent issue. This is a growing dilemma because, not only do patients have the potential to develop resistance, but they also can transmit the resistant bacteria to others (McKellar, 2014). Additionally, it is estimated that over one-third of all antibiotics prescribed to patients are unnecessary (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). Overutilization of antibiotics is a growing problem due to some patients’ inappropriate demands for antibiotics or misdiagnoses by prescribers, however, underutilization of antibiotics can be just as problematic. Physicians are trained to use good antimicrobial stewardship when prescribing antibiotics; only giving them to patients who truly do have a bacterial infection. This becomes an issue when providers are too cautious and do not prescribe antibiotics in an attempt not to contribute to antibiotic resistance. Unfortunately, this caution could have a detrimental effect on the health of patients who actually need the antibiotics. To combat this issue, we must find a balance between good antimicrobial stewardship to minimize resistance while also taking underutilization into consideration. We, as pharmacists, are at a unique position between the physician and

The term “superbug” has been a headline in today’s conversations. America is known to be the number one country that’s is overly medicated, and one day our bodies would become resistant to the very same medications that would someday be needed to save your life. Scary as it sounds it is true. Superbugs or CRE (Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae) is very serious among hospitals, colleges, foods, nursing homes, or one in twenty-five acute care facilities across the globe known to have contracted CRE in the past year. In a headline on CNBC the CDC mentions that over “forty-seven million unnecessary prescribed antibiotic prescriptions are given every year in the United States.” Meanwhile, as a faster way of promoting healthier livestock farmers

In their research article, White House Crafts First-Ever Plan to Fight Superbugs, Abutaleb and Baertlein indicate a large-scale plan of action to reduce the spread of deadly Superbugs. Dark Clouds for Drug Development, author John Blau reports that in recent years, pharmaceutical companies have pulled back on research for Superbug-fighting drugs as funding for new drug development has taken cuts. These articles go hand-in-hand with one another as they demonstrate that the effects of the new plan spurred from the White House to stimulate research in antibiotic resistant “Superbugs.” The quote, “The goals include drastically reducing the rates of the most deadly “superbug” infections within 5 years, investing in new diagnostic tools and antibiotic drugs, improving antibiotic use…” demonstrates the new plan’s motives. The latter source indicates, “Analysts identify several reasons, beyond the reduction in federal funding, for the decline. The cost of introducing a new drug and successfully taking it to market has increased

In the last decade, the number of prescriptions for antibiotics has increases. Even though, antibiotics are helpful, an excess amount of antibiotics can be dangerous. Quite often antibiotics are wrongly prescribed to cure viruses when they are meant to target bacteria. Antibiotics are a type of medicine that is prone to kill microorganisms, or bacteria. By examining the PBS documentary Hunting the Nightmare Bacteria and the article “U.S. government taps GlaxoSmithKline for New Antibiotics” by Ben Hirschler as well as a few other articles can help depict the problem that is of doctors prescribing antibiotics wrongly or excessively, which can led to becoming harmful to the body.

Also known as superbugs, these bugs are resistant to our modern day antibiotics. People around the world are trying to figure out alternatives to this plague. These bugs have evolved over years and years becoming stronger and passing down genes from generation to generation, To slowly become the super bugs that they are known as today. Often these resistant genes are caused by overuse of antibiotics by humans and farm animals, but this is not always true. Recently the ARS (the American Recorder Society) found antibiotic resistance in prairie soils that had no human contact. Antibiotic resistance is commonly viewed as a result of antibiotic overuse in humans and animals, Recently found antibiotic-resistant

Fleming in 1928. Penicillin helped to treat some common infections: step throat, boils, it would heal wounds quicker, as well as treat more serious infections such as meningitis and pneumonia. Antibiotics usually kill only weak bacteria and after some years of antibiotic usage stronger bacteria have not only survived but also became resistant to the old cure. “Doctors have started to prescribe antibiotics to cure conditions such as ear infections, sinusitis, bronchitis, non-specific upper respiratory tract infections and even common colds and flu… According to the Director of Antimicrobial Resistance, Dr. Richard Besser, each year US physicians write $50 million worth of prescriptions that are ineffectual and unnecessary.” (Elisa Bussey). The more doctors were prescribing antibiotics, the bigger the number of people who become resistant to them. Most of the European countries prescribe antibiotics to kill bacteria only in cases of life threatening conditions. Patients in the US have become accustomed to receiving antibiotics for almost any health concerns and with time, patients have started to expect such prescriptions as a norm.

Eighty percent of antibiotic prescribing takes place in general practice (Haddox, 2013). Therefore, focus of limiting antibiotic

The overuse of antibiotics has been a problem for well over a decade. This misuse leads to many nonvisible problems arising within the human population. As the use of antibiotics increases, the number of antibiotic resistant bacteria also increases. When bacteria become resistant to an antibiotic, another antibiotic must be used to try and kill it and the cycle becomes vicious. Michael Martin, Sapna Thottathil, and Thomas Newman stated that antimicrobial resistance is, “an increasingly serious threat to global public health that requires action across all government sectors and society” (2409).