Project Report : Alum Synthesis

Although it did take some time, when red litmus paper was placed in the solution, it changed blue in colour, therefore highlighting that hydroxide ions are present in the solution. Station four can clearly be identified as a combination (redox) reaction, as a new product is synthesised by the combination of two reactants. The reactants, calcium and water combine together to form hydrogen gas and hydroxide ions.

had formed, they were collected by vacuum filtration and weighed. A small amount of the crystals were no weighed due to a lack of toluene with which to rinse the 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask of the last of the crystals.

Eleven mystery test tubes labeled from K-1 to K-11 contained: 6M H2SO4, 6M NH3, 6M HCl, 6M NaOH, 1M NaCl, 1M Fe(NO3)3, 1M NiSO4, 1M AgNO3, 1M KSCN, 1M Ba(NO3)2, 1M Cu(NO3)2 respectively. The contents of the test tubes were determined by chemical experiments. Solution K-1 contained NiSO4 because when solution K-9, ammonia which was identified by its pungent odor, was added, an inky dark blue color was made. Iron (Fe (NO3)3) was determined to be in test tube K-2. KSCN was found in test tube K-11 since Fe (NO3)3 and KSCN makes a bloody color when mixed together. Flame tests were conducted in which K-8

There were five main purposes of the maalox lab that we wanted to accomplish. This included producing two precipitates, classifying reactions, providing visual evidence on a chemical change, using pH indicators to identify bases and acids, and describing what happens during neutralization. In the lab, there were two reactions that occurred. The reaction happened when there were reactants that combined to create end products. In the first reaction, the reactants used were alum and ammonia. The products that formed were aluminum hydroxide, potassium ammonium sulfate, and ammonium sulfate. In the second reaction, the reactants were magnesium sulfate and ammonia. The products that formed from the magnesium sulfate and ammonia were ammonium sulfate and magnesium hydroxide. Overall, we were able to accomplish the five main goals of the lab and were able to identify the reactants and products in each of the reactions.

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the stoichiometric relationship between reactants and products in two different reactions.

For the Synthesis of Alum lab my lab group and I took 1 gram of aluminum foil and broke it into small pieces. Next we added 25 mL of 3M KOH solution. Once the foil was dissolved we filtered the solution through a Buchner funnel with filter paper sealed inside with water. As the solution was filtering we applied a vacuum filtration to the Buchner funnel to expedite the filtering process. Once it was completely filtered my lab group poured the solution into a beaker and covered the beaker with parafilm. We then waited overnight to allow the crystals to form inside the beaker. Unfortunately, we did not produce any crystals overnight so we borrowed some from another group. Once we obtained the crystals we had to stir them in a beakers to make more form other than just the ones we received. After we rinsed the crystals with half ethanol and half water mixture. Once they were dry we determined the mass of the crystals with a balance.

The objective of this lab was to use prior knowledge about the Law of Conservation of Matter and of different types of chemical reactions in order to evaluate if aluminum disappears during the reaction and copper appears. The reaction that occurred between Copper (II) Chloride and aluminum was a single replacement reaction. Clear signs that a chemical reaction took place include heat release/temperature change, color change, and formation of a precipitate. When a single element, in this instance aluminum, replaces another element in a compound, copper, a single replacement reaction occurs. A basic formula for these reactions is AB + C → AC + B.

The purpose of this experiment is to study ionic reactions, to be able to write balanced equations, and to be able to write net ionic equations for precipitation reactions.

Stoichiometry is a branch of chemistry which involves the study of the amount of substances which are involved in a reaction. More specifically, stoichiometry is the use of the product reactant relationship in a chemical equation to acquire a desired quantitative outcome. This process can be used to measure a variety of components in a chemical reaction such as molar ratios, molecular weights, the number of products produced in a reaction, and the quantity of the reactants which will be used in a chemical reaction. In this experiment, stoichiometry was used in order to determine the amount of aluminum needed to produce between 0.1 and 0.2 grams of copper when given copper (II) chloride in excess. However, in order to determine the amount of aluminum needed to produce between 0.1 and 0.2 grams of copper, first one must analyze the reaction which occurs between the aluminum and copper (II) chloride.

The amount of soda ash needed for the experiment was calculated using the following equation: sample weight of unknown=0.1103M (18ml×150.99)/(10×2× %〖Na〗_2 〖CO〗_3 ) An analytical balance was used to weight the calculated amount of soda ash. A piece of weighing paper instead of a weighing boat was used. The mass was recorded. The weighed soda ash was transferred into a 250 mL beaker, then the sample was dissolved in approximately 70 mL of water. The pH meter and electrode was obtained, rinsed with DI water, and calibrated using pH 7 and pH 4 buffer. A burette was obtained, mounted on a ring stand, and filled with the standardized HCl solution, that was prepared in Experiment 2. Since magnetic stirring bars and stirring plates were not available, the students

As you are allowed to attend only one lab make-up session, please contact Prof. Jennifer Chabra for further details. Please also copy me on the

The table shows how Aluminum can be reused to obtain additional resources. The product weighed more than the reactant because the product is a compound of the 25 ml of sulfuric and 50 ml of potassium hydroxide plus the reactant. We found that the overall yield for the reaction 1862.44 % to be very high. This may be due to an intrinsically high reaction-efficiency, which was not expected because in order to synthesis Alum requires four separate reactions which are energy intensive and time consuming. Although Aluminum is the most abundant metal found in the earth's crust is never found in the free elemental state in nature less energy intensive methods should be developed.

Over 2/3 of all aluminum ever created is still in use. Most of the 1/3 not still in use is aluminum cans in landfills.

This paper is about chemical reactions and chemical reaction types. All the data gathered was from conducting multiple experiments. Each experiment was performed carefully and analyzed to obtain the necessary information for the paper. That information included the four signs of a chemical change, the rnx type, and more.

Abstract—Al2O3 reinforced Aluminium Matrix Composites give advanced mechanical & physical properties. They have voluminous applications in automobile, aerospace, defense, sports, electronics, bio-medical and other industrial fields. Various manufacturing techniques like stir casting, ultra-sonic assisted casting, compo-casting, powder metallurgy, liquid infiltration are used for the production of the aluminium matrix composites. These composites reveal advanced physical and mechanical properties like lower density, low coefficient of thermal expansion, good corrosion resistance, high tensile strength, high stiffness, high hardness and wear resistance. Our paper reviews the characterization of mechanical properties like tensile strength, hardness with production route of casting for aluminium matrix- Al2O3 composites. Al2O3 agglomeration along with the increasing volume percentage is still a challenging task in composites materials manufacturing. 0.5% by weight of pure magnesium powder is used as wetting agent. Process parameters are optimized for the stir casting process of aluminium composite. Tensile and hardness test microstructure study was performed to find the deviation from the aluminium alloy.