The dairy cow has four main stages to its production cycle; these are early lactation, mid lactation, late lactation and the drying off period. The production cycle of the dairy cow is shown in diagram 1 below. Diagram 1, the production cycle of a dairy cow. As you can see the dairy cow should be in milk for around 305 days a year and have a drying off period of around 60 days. After calving the cow should be back in calf after 85 days, this is to keep the ratio of 1 calf/ cow/ year. This ratio will get the highest yield out of the cow and keep a good profit margin for the farmer. The cow will produce differing yields of milk throughout the year; the yield will follow what is called a lactation curve as seen below in diagram 2. …show more content…
Thin cows will have inadequate energy reserves to sustain them through the lactation which means the farmer will loose money. To minimize the N.E.B the cow should be in the correct body condition before calving down, a score of 3.0 is appropriate. If the cow is too fat the she will not have the appetite to eat in early lactation which will affect the peak milk yield. It is key that the food intake is maximized post calving therefore the cow should have ad libitum access to forage at all time, the forage should also be of a high quality in early lactation, this is not as important when you move down the cycle. To overcome any limitations of forage concentrates like Molasses and Maize should also be used. A good concentrate mix for a dairy cow should contain starch sources of varying degradabilites, Molasses is rapidly degradable source while maize is a slowly degradable source of starch. There are two methods for feeding concentrates, in parlour and out of parlour. In parlour feeding systems the parlours are fitted with concentrate dispensing hoppers which dispense into the feed manger. A cow will receive 5kg per milking while a heifer will receive 4kg per milking. Out of parlour feeding is where feed is given out by transponders, in small amounts very often. Picture 1 shows an in parlour feeder system.
A cow will produce an average of nearly 7 gallons of milk each day. That’s more than 2,500 gallons each year.
In 1990, there were over 9300 dairy farms in Ontario housing almost 450,000 cows. The farm-gate value of milk produced exceeded 1.3 billion dollars. At the retail level, dairy product sales in Ontario exceeded 4 billion dollars. The number of dairy herds in Ontario on a milk-testing program had declined from about 7100 in 1985 to 6000 in 1990. Moreover, a continued decrease was projected.
First, resources that need to be acquired include the cow, labor, and a milking machine. Once milk is collected, it needs to be cleaned and pasteurized to ensure that it's okay for consumption. Next, it must be packaged an transported to be sold in
Weaning – Weaning in beef cattle can occur when the calf is between 4-7 months. Weaning affects calves and their mothers. When the calf is separated from the mother, both experience anxiety as they cannot locate one another and be together as they previously have
Yearling fed cattle spent 116 days on feed for both the CON and NOT groups. Cattle were weighed on day zero and on day 116 to calculate the information. In the CON group, cattle had an ADG of 3.76 lb/day. This was a higher ADG than the NOT group, who averaged a substantially lower rate of gain at 2.9 lb/day. In the end, this made a difference of 103 pounds in the finished body weight of cattle since the CON group finished at an average weight of 1260 pounds and the NOT group finished at a weight of 1157 pounds. To get the same body weight in the NOT group as the CON group, one would have to feed an extra 35.5 days.
According to the information provided, the most appropriate cow size for the herd using the 50% weaning rule would be 1,100 pounds. Although any cow size would ultimately result in a loss for the farm at this point, the cows at 1,100 pounds have a smaller financial burden than heavier cows. The 50% “rule” is not very specific, as the case only specifies [calf weight] “...close to 50% of [the mother’s] mature weight”, so it can be assumed that the 55.5% (585 pounds) is sufficient, which yields a marginal revenue of $28.08. To a much lesser extent, around 1,200 pounds could also be less burdensome for the farm than 1,300 or 1,400 pounds, but 1,200 is on the brink of barely breaking even at a marginal revenue of $6.48. Once the weight exceeds the 1,200 increment, the marginal revenue dips
Growth hormones (GH) are also commonly used today in CAFOs. Cows normally give birth and lactate for about 9 months before milk secretion stops. GH elongate this cycle time and cause reproductive problems in the cows (Forbes, 68). GH increase milk production by 15%, cause animals to grow to maturity
Abd El-Shaffy and G. A. Abd El-Rahman. El-Nor, Khalif and El-Shaffy are from the Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt. Khattab and El-Sayed are from the Animal Production Department Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra Al-Kheimah, Cairo, Egypt. The last author El-Rahman is from the Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University. All that was just listed was the source of authority that these authors have in their country. These authors or professors are well-prepared to write about this topic because they talk about the whole experiment. They inform the reader about what was done in the experiment and what came out of the experiment. This article came from Revista Veterinaria. The intended readers are possibly Buffalo breeders to see what is the best way to feed the calf and what milk is the most nutritious. Also people that are interested in this topic can read this article as well. There
industry grow. These allow cows to be safer and live in more comfortable and help them produce more milk. “New breeding techniques have lead to cows giving more milk” (Kurlansky n.p.). These new technique have lead to cows giving much more milk. They also make the cows less
Cows who are on grass tend to not produce nearly as much but it is proven that the less milk a cow produces, the more vitamins in her milk. This is because a cow has a set amount of vitamins to transfer to her milk, and if she’s bred, fed, and injected to be a Super Producer, her milk has fewer vitamins per glass. It is a watered down version of the real thing. (Super Natural 1)
When it comes to feeding show cattle many raisers have certain feeding strategies that they follow, ensuring they can maintain their goal on winning. Along with feeding it takes exercise so that one’s show calf will not become stout nor stubborn. Certain aspects are necessary to show an animal
Which brings us to the quality of the milk, lots of commercial farms put steroids in there cows to produce more milk than a regular cow could produce, prolactin, steroids including estrogens, progesterone, corticoids, and androgens, these are just some of the steroids commercial farmers inject in there cows. Sometimes when a cow produces too much milk they could develop mastitis in cows, mastitis is an infection or inflammation in the udders which makes them produce chunky milk it can be potentially fatal in the mammary gland and very expensive for the dairy commercial/industrial farms says HDB dairy, if the udders of a dairy cow doesn 't work they often get shot and get butchered for meat just because the farm was pushing them to hard
The other thing that we should consider before using dairy products is from the ethical point of view. Drinking cow’s milk or consuming any dairy product is equal to torturing thousands of cows, due to changing their nature and way of living in order to make them useable for ourselves. It has become evident that milk is not the only source and product that we can reach vitamins, proteins and calcium from, in fact there are many natural and healthy products that we can reach out those factors that we are looking for it in milk, for instance fruits. Contrary to common belief, people should stop consuming milk because it is unhealthy, unnatural and unethical.
A key factor for success in using AMS is that the cows must be active cows that voluntarily enter the milking and feeding stations (K. M. Svennersten-Sjaunja and G. Pettersson 2008). In a study conducted with 25 farmers in North America, 70% of farms had to cull 4% of cows as they were unable to adapt to the new system due to unsuitable udder configuration, restlessness and failure to enter milking stall voluntarily. This percentage declined over time. Some farmers