Pos Essay

Bullock & Hales, (2013) state that the main pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PCOS are alterations in the functions of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovary and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axes as well as the onset of insulin resistance.

According to PubMed Health, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a condition in which women possess abnormally high level of male hormones. The high hormone levels lead to risks of irregular or absent menstrual cycles, insulin resistance, ovarian cysts, issues related to the circulatory system, obesity, heart disease, diabetes and etc. Symptoms differ between each woman therefore, despite research data collected showing that PCOS affects 5-10% of women between the age of 18-44, there are many women who live their lives unaware that they have PCOS. The most common symptoms include: absences of ovulation, high levels of androgen present, and abnormal hair growth. The cause of PCOS is still unknown as more research is much-needed to better understand the disorder.

The motive of this paper is to present a analysis of current research on polycystic ovary syndrome more commonly known as PCOS. Pcos is one the most common endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age, affecting 5-10% of the population. Despite it's prevalence, pcos remains largely unknown. The main focus of this paper will be explaining what PCOS is, the causes, the diagnosis and the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Since PCOS is the most common endocrine disorder for women of reproductive ages, Questions to explore are: How does lifestyle factors such as obesity impacts the development of PCOS, how does PCOS affects a women quality of life and what are the best treatment options?

If the pancreas can manage with your body’s high demand for insulin your blood sugar levels will remain normal and you would not become a diabetic. Because diabetes and PCOS is closely related it is monitored closely. It is shown that women with PCOS is in much greater risk in developing diabetes. Research has shown that once the pancreatic islet cells have become exhausted and depleted in the over production of insulin to satisfy the body requirements, your pancreas stop making insulin and your blood sugar becomes elevated. When that happens the patient becomes diabetic. Besides diabetes a woman with PCOS is more likely to develop uterine cancer and heart disease. Patients are also advised not to smoke while diagnosed with PCOS because it increases the risk for heart disease.

Imagine a syndrome that can cause you, or a woman you know, to be infertile, depressed, anxious, obese, or hirsute, along with many others. Polycystic ovary syndrome can cause all of these issues in a woman who is affected by the condition. If it is not treated properly or on time, it could lead to other serious medical issues that could even be life threatening. Polycystic ovary syndrome, otherwise known as PCOS, is not a commonly known syndrome and many women affected by it are not diagnosed or treated for it. PCOS is a major medical problem that is affecting five to ten percent of the female population in the U.S. and many more across the globe (American Diabetes Association, 2014). This syndrome must become better known in the near future so that women with PCOS can take better control and care of their own body.

One study done on one hundred patients with PCOS showed that administration of metformin and pioglitazone shows 50 percent effectiveness in helping menstrual cycle irregularities by the end of six-months of treatment. Both medications also showed a decrease in LDL and an increase in HDL overall, but this was seen more in the pioglitazone group. This study showed that 64% of women with PCOS also had hyperinsulinism. HOMA-IR, used to assess insulin resistance, was shown to have a 15% decrease with metformin and a 50% decrease in patients who used pioglitazone. Thus, for protection from diabetes pioglitazone may be the better treatment. Ovulation was shown to be restored in up to 56% of patients on metformin and pioglitazone. This study showed that pioglitazone may be a new and better option for treatment of PCOS since it can delay onset of type II diabetes, help with signs of hyperandrogenism, and regulate menstrual cycles (sangeeta,

PCOS makes it difficult for the body to use the insulin hormone, which helps to convert starches and sugars and from foods into energy. This condition is called insulin resistance and can cause sugar, insulin and glucose to build up in the bloodstream.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects approximately seven to eight percent of women of childbearing age. While the cause of PCOS is still unknown, it is believed to be a genetic disorder. Often a mother or sister of a woman affected will exhibit symptoms similar to PCOS. Due to the change in the levels of estrogen and progesterone, during ovulation mature eggs are not released which begin to form very small cyst within or on the ovary. These cysts cause infertility. Women suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome can overcome infertility through weight loss, laparoscopy (ovarian drilling), medicinal treatment or in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Propaganda has been around for many years and it has influenced us many times. Propaganda is defined by the Merriam-Webster dictionary as “ideas, statements, or beliefs that are usually false or exaggerated and that are spread around in order to help a cause, a political leader, or a government.” You might remember hearing about propaganda back in history class were the word started showing up during World War 1 but that is not were propaganda started. Propaganda has been around for hundreds of years going back as far as the Greeks, it wasn’t until World War 1 that propaganda became popular and easier to spread around.

High levels of it impulses the ovaries to produce more than the usual amount of testosterone, which intervenes with the development of the follicles and prevents normal ovulation. It can also lead to overweight , which can make PCOS symptoms worse, because excess fat causes the body to produce even more insulin.

Titration Investigation Aim: The aim of my investigation is to determine the solubility of calcium Hydroxide solution with the aid of the titration process. Titration can be defined as the method of determining the concentration of a substance in solution by adding to it a standard reagent of known concentration in carefully measured amounts until a reaction of definite and known proportion is completed, as shown by a color change or by electrical measurement, and then calculating the unknown concentration. An example could be, a given volume of a solution of unknown acidity may be titrated with a base of known concentration until complete neutralization has occurred.

There are many risk factors that one should take into consideration. Having high blood pressure, being inactive and overweight are both very high risk factors. If a family member has diabetes or if a person is African, American Indian, Asian, Pacific Islander, Hispanic or Latino descent, they also have a greater risk of the disease.

Quick note: I am not writing with my own person as a character in this. I found inspiration, rolled with it. Sorry.

There is one dream that every little girl has when growing up, that is becoming a mother; to love and watch her children grow. No one ever dreams of that not happening to them or being part of that group being label as infertile. It happens to millions of women living in the United States every day. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is the most common endocrine disease that affects women of reproductive age, which is typically puberty to menopause. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome does not only affect a woman’s ovaries and chances of conceiving, but it affects the whole endocrine system in the body. It can cause Excess Androgen Production, Insulin Resistant, Obesity, Hirsute and Cardiovascular problems.