Pio De Jesus Pico Research Paper

Through much travel ups and downs he finally made it to California in May 1839. But before arriving to California he set ship to Monterey to speak to the governor's about . qualifying for a land-grant he first had to become a Mexican citizen on August 29 of 1840. Eventually receiving the land he began to build his fort.

John L. O’Sullivan wrote,”The Anglo-Saxon foot is already on California's borders….armed with the plough and the rifle.”(Doc A Paragraph 3). Even before gaining Texas from Mexico, America already was preparing to take California away as well. President Polk sent a man named John Slidell to Mexico to try and buy California. At that same time he has sent troops into southern Texas, this combination of events angered the Mexican government and therefore they asked Slidell to leave Mexico City.

Mexico began to attract American settlers to the vast and sparsely populated State of Coahuila y Texas in the 1820’s. American settlers were eager to migrate to this plentiful area ideal for farming and ranching. The Mexican government reluctantly allowed the Americans to settle in this area provided they convert to Catholicism and become Mexican citizens. Many took advantage of these colonization projects and claimed vacant land in this area. Mexico won its independence from Spain in 1821

A few months later, General Stephen Kearny and his troops marched west, and occupied New Mexico without firing a single shot. Meanwhile, John C. Frémont and a group of Americans jailed the Mexican commander of Northern California, General Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo, and took over California.


 Soon afterwards the attainment of California from Mexico there was a gentleman by the name of John Sutter who arrived in East San Francisco Bay during the mid-1800. John Sutter was born in Germany but he had to leave his country because he weren’t able to pay his creditors. With quite some charm and letters from his support system he was able to convince the Mexican governor of California to honor him a land grant of more than 50,000 acres.

An estimate of more than 300,000 people is said to have migrated to the state, many from Europe, China and South America. But California was diverse even before this. The first Europeans to arrive in California were none other than the Spanish during the 1500’s. They claimed the land for themselves and attempted to convert the Native Americans into Roman Catholics. It’s because of them that many cities have Spanish names. Years later, when Mexico was finally able to free themselves from the control of Spain in 1821, the state became part of Mexico. However, it was only in their control for 27 years, until 1848, when Mexico lost not only the war, but also the state to the United States. Even after, many Mexicans chose to settle in California. Between the years 1840 and 1850, free African Americans also settled in California, forming the first black urban communities in the West

At the time California was sparsely inhabited by Mexicans. Right after Mexico won its independence it secularized the missions in California. The mission's owned a large amount of land. Mexico took all that

The journey to California was extremely difficult. The prices were extraordinary with some boat tickets costing up to $450. There were also many trails traversed in a manner that lacked hygiene. Thus, many either faced adversary or simply did not make it. Those who did not make it were most likely harmed by the poor conditions or disease such as cholera along the Overland Trail in 1849. Out of all the trails, “the Oregon-California Trial still proved the most popular overland route” (66). It was estimated that over 100,000 travelers had used said trail by 1851. With the news of gold spreading, many young Asians left to pursue gold. Manny Europeans also made their journey to California. Between the years of 1847 and 1851, Irish immigration more than doubled. California quickly became a melting pot of many races including: blacks, Hawaiians, Peruvians, Germans, Mexicans, and the Chinese. Due to the many races represented in California, there were also many languages and cultures. On February 2, 1848, in a 15 million dollar cash deal, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed which added the land that Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, and California occupy to the United States. The expansion in land lead to expansion in other ways as well. In 1851, a survey showed “537 liquor stores, 46 gambling houses, and 48 houses of prostitution” (69). One can clearly see there was a lot of money to be made. With so much money on the line, people found ways to maximize their profits. With the same spirit, the Anglos forced many people from the mines with violent threats. They would then tax those who remained. This tax was in the form of a sixteen dollar a month foreign miner’s tax. In an effort to make even more money, “…the California legislature enacted another foreign miner’s tax aimed specifically at the Chinese…” (70).

By 1849, Mexicans had already been outnumbered by the Anglo’s (sitters, speculators, miners) were cementing their hierarchy of races in California and which void any productive blending relationships after the war. Evidence found in Antonio Maria Osio's memoirs, thriving opportunities were dismissed by the Californios when Spanish government directed the Royals the essential funding’s needed to discover and establish Baja California, which was ultimately denied by Mexico, " ...but since that time [during the Spanish Monarchy] the Mexico Government had declared itself the stepfather of California, denying its protection, like to a bastard child..." In California, a region that had so recently been their own, the Mexicans found they were considered foreigners by the legions of Anglo-American miners from eastern America. Many boundaries were crossed as the Anglo-Americans felt entitled to California’s property and discounted land rights of the indigenous

Professor David Weber says, “California was the real goal in the far west-to have harbors on the Pacific and make ourselves a continental empire. We were not terribly interested in New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, Utah, and Nevada, all of which belonged to Mexico as well, but those territories needed to be conquered if we were eventually to connect the Atlantic to the Pacific by railroad, which was already a dream” (n.d.). “Army officials, such as Second Lt. Ulysses S. Grant, charged that the U.S. unfairly used its superior military might to take land from Mexico”

Before the start of the Gold Rush in 1849, California was a Mexican territory. It is Key to note (for later understanding of the issues concerning land ownership and makeshift law within the gold mining districts) that the Gold Rush was not a factor of concern for neither country within the Mexican War. The Mexican War was sparked by the increasingly hostile territorial disputes between Mexico and the, at the time, Republic of Texas. These territorial disputes of regions within California led to the United States

	He rarely carried a weapon and broke down problem in a military garrison, without using weapons, only by negotiation with the people. In 1852 he retired, after angering the national leader, Santa Anna. During his term as governor, he had accomplished a lot. His state was a model of stability, staying in order even while the national government changed hands four times. He wanted to retire to working at his law practice and relaxing. However, this was not

Drifting from Spain caused detrimental consequences for Mexico. The republic lost more than half of its territory, suffered from economic instability, and endured class conflict. Mexican California, like other areas of Colonial Mexico, was a society in dramatic transition. Prior to establishing its independence, Mexican territory had a stable government and balanced economy under Spanish rule. There was sufficient confidence in the Spanish administration. The contrasts between independent Mexico and New Spain are drastic. Mexican California spiraled into a nation of chaos as its dependence on Spain weakened. The switch from Spanish to Mexican power resulted in new laws and administrations. Though California remained part of Mexico, they were granted a considerable amount

Time and events as we know have been tracked by B.C. (before Christ) and A.D. (in the year of our Lord). In the Old Testament, prophecies point to the coming of Jesus Christ. In the New Testament, Jesus came to earth, died and rose again. There are many questions to be answered about Jesus. Who is He? What did he do while he was alive? What was Jesus called? The answers to these questions are very clear.

When Jesus is preaching He always says “Come, walk with me”. For us, it is sure that Jesus is with us in our everyday lives. We are sure of this because of our faith to Him. Therefore Jesus wants us to realize that if we follow him with all our hearts we are sure that we are in his protection but if you are away from Him, He is still with you that is because sometimes if we are making sins we come to realize the things that we’ve done wrong.