Pierre Bourdieu Habitus

Henri Boulangerie: Creating and Using a Master Budget BACKGROUND PART I: CREATING THE BUDGET MEETINGS WITH DIVISIONAL MANAGERS Henri Boulangerie is a medium-sized regional bakery that specializes in providing orders to grocery and convenience stores. Because of the popularity of its brand, it has also opened a small café for walk-in business. In order to maintain its high quality standard, Henri produces only three products: breakfast muffins, fresh bread, and chocolate chip cookies. Although business has been good in the past few years, a lucky contact with a large chain has recently allowed it to expand its brand out of the local region. Growth has been high since the new contract went into effect.

In de Botton’s passage “On Habit”, he introduces a distinct difference between having a traveling mindset and having a habituated mindset. He goes to explain how when he returned home to London from his glorious trip to Barbados, he felt despair because he had returned to his habituated mindset after a exhilarating trip. He felt he had been “fated to spend [his] existence”(59) in London which was a dreadful thought to him. When one is habituated, they have only one purpose or goal which makes them blind to any little details surrounding them. In the passage, de Botton shows as if being habituated limits our expectations in life and therefore becomes a safe place where we are stuck in an everyday constant routine. He proceeds to explain how

The life-course perspective goes into detail about the onset, persistence, and the desistance process and show that there are connections that are present, and once these connections linger, then the relinquishing of the power that gangs have over people is released. These researchers note that often times juveniles are joining particular gangs, participate, and then leave. So, when studying this process, Pyrooz & colleagues’ (2010) found that by using the conceptual framework that life-course perspective adds, we can better understand the organization and the process of how gangs work over time. This research also provided us with an understanding of the ties that members associate with their respective gangs, and just how hard it is to break those ties and let go of the gang lifestyle through the life-course. In regards to these ties, the researchers concluded that leaving a gang can be tumultuous, it is a time of confusion and possible victimization. Another significant finding was that leaving a gang is not the same process for everyone, there are diverse variables that affect individuals differently. If these variables are not taken into consideration, then the ties to the gang and the desistance process is likely to be less successful (Pyrooz & colleagues,

In the attachment, when children respect their parents, appreciate all that they do for them, they are less likely to be involved in criminal activity. However, when they do not have the proper guidance, lack of concern for their outside activities, they tend to stray, and seek out those who show concern for them. Often it becomes a role model, a close friend, someone to which they seek approval from. This becomes their attachment bond. In gangs, this often leads to the higher authority, a person to which they look up too, to whom they want to become. The level of commitment involves how far one will go to prove themselves. One is committed to a gang, to which they consider all members family. “People who have money, property, and good reputations are committed to the social system that allowed them the opportunities for that success (Fuller 2006).”

Introduction Research has shown that individuals living in poverty or with a low socioeconomic status are likely to join gangs (Yoder, Whitbeck, & Hoyt, 2003). Other studies have shown that youth join gangs as a result of the encouragement from their family (Young, Fitzgibbon, & Silverstone, 2014). However, explanations as to why youth may join gangs delve deeper than the simple factors that cause such decisions. In this paper, I compare the relative strengths and limitations of three competing theoretical approaches to explain how poverty and low socioeconomic status and family encouragement influence youth gang membership. Sutherland’s Differential Association theory best explains family influences as a factor for gang involvement.

Pierre Bourdieu was an acclaimed French sociologist, anthropologist and philosopher, who is still noted today as being one of the most prominent and influential intellects in recent years. He is famous for his contributions to many subjects and areas, and much of his work is still considered today as being classics. His work is considered to be some of the most innovative and groundbreaking bodies of theory and research in contemporary social science. He is still prominent today for his many great contributions to the field of sociology, and though he has many revolutionary concepts, this essay will focus on three; Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus, capital and field, and a key sociological factor these concepts help to explain. These three

The term youth gangs refers to a group of three or more members, who are between the age of 12 and 24; they share an identity through the use of names or symbols; they see themselves as gang and are recognized by others as a gang; there is some amount of permanence and degree of organization; and the group is involved in an elevated amount of criminal activity (National Gang Center Staff, n.d.). Risk factors for gang involvement are based on factors such as individual, family, school, community. School risk factors include poor school performance, poor connectedness to schools, low degree of commitment to and involvement in school, and weak attachment to teachers (Howell, 2010). Community risk factors includes such things as greater level of criminal activity, neighborhood youth are involved in illegal behaviors, widespread access to and the use of firearms and drugs, and low level of neighborhood attachment (Howell, 2010). Additional factors that lead to gang involvement include learning disabilities and emotional disorders, school failure and truancy, no positive involvement outside of school, friends and peers are delinquent, low income, and early involvement in petty crimes and behavioral disorders in grade school (Hernandez, 2015). Reasons given for joining a gang as reported by youths includes for protection, for fun, for respect, for money, family members are part of the gang (and because a friend was in the gang (Howell, 2010).

Although non-gang members may also participate in risky activities like binge drinking, marijuana use, and drug selling, gang affiliation greatly increases exposure and likelihood to partake in these activities. Studies show that “early alcohol use and early marijuana use are both identified risk factors for joining a gang among adolescents” (Swahn et. al 354). Youth gang members are also exposed to hard drugs because of gang involvement in the illegal drug market. Many youth gang members in these

Pierre Bourdieu’s Theory of Practice has had enormous influence on the “exploration of the role of culture in the places of social inequity (Silva 142). Illustrations and artwork created by youth cac containing creative expression capable of communicating social activism while simultaneously inventive and imaginative, exhibiting aesthetic beauty and profound insight. Organized youth programs such as Young Voices, Toronto Emerging ARTivist (TEA) and Success Power Opportunity Teamwork (S.P.O.T) allow for the creation and public exhibit of such work serve more than artistic outlet. These programs also afford youth opportunities of skill acquisition and building formative relationships, combining mentorship and institutional agency.

Gangs originated naturally during the adolescent years of a child. They started from small play groups that eventually found themselves in conflict with other small groups of youth. Due to the conflict between the two small groups of youth it became a part of a child’s mind set to come together as a gang and protect their rights and satisfy the needs that their environment and families couldn’t provide. There are about 24,500 gangs in the U.S and out of those gangs 40% of them are juveniles (Hess, Orthmann, Wright, 2013). There are numerous reason why a child would join a gang, and the

Gangs are becoming prevalent in today’s society and within our schools. More and more young people are turning to gangs in an attempt to escape their everyday lives and the future, which they perceive as dismal and bleak. They are initially attracted to the prestige and cash flow, which is glamorized by the street gang. Many gangs are actively involved in criminal misconduct, such as drug and gun trafficking, burglaries and homicides. However, street gangs are not just a criminal justice issue, but a social problem, which is triggered by poverty, peer pressure, boredom, despair and lacking a sense of belonging.

If the family associates love and respect for each other and themselves and engages in such act then it may deter them from trying to find it elsewhere. Juveniles engages in gang related activities because they lack the love and respect or living in abusive homes in which leads to troubled childhood delinquency. It encourages them to engage in gang to fulfill their emotional needs while at the same time vulnerable to the temptation of making money, the freedom and respect that comes with it.

In society today, there is a major problem We live in a society where gangs are taking over our neighborhoods in numbers. It is the responsibility of the individuals to part take in getting their neighborhoods back under control. Gangs are becoming a growing problem in American society. More young people are turning to gangs to solve problems in their lives or for acceptance. When youths join gangs, they drop all their social activities with school, family, and friends. However, individuals ruin their lives, and the chances of them having a decent education, and a successful life by getting involved in gang activity.

Habitus is one of the influential concept of Bourdieu’s theory. It is the durable disposition and orientation which are created by practices within a particular structural context. For instance, it is viewed that girls generally prefer to specialize in biology over physics or mathematics. This is because it is considered that girls are care givers and will handle and relate to the subject biology better than physics or math. It is an ingrained habit that is developed due to some enduring social interactions which are transferrable from one context to another. This shift can be transferred only in

    Gang violence is a huge problem in America today. More and more children are joining gangs every day. It has become evident that these gangs made up of young people are causing numerous problems. Gang violence and gang activities impact all of those around the gang members. The kids in these gangs are hurting themselves, each other, their families, and the communities around them. Those who are associated with the gangs through family ties or just those who are associated with the gangs through geographical location. Before we can understand how gangs effect the people and communities around them we must first understand what gangs actually are. We must try and understand how the gang members think,