Lina Acheampong
Professor Thompson
December 10, 2015
Physical Therapist A physical therapist is a professional who helps injured or sick people improve their movement and manage their pain. According to author Olga Dreeben from the University of North Texas “The creation of physical therapist is centered on two major events in U.S history: The Poliomyelitis epidemics and the negative effects of World War 1 and World War 2”.
-The profession can be compared with a living entity, changing from an undeveloped, young occupation in its formative years (1914-1920) to a firm, growing establishment in its developing years (1920 to 1940). As a mature profession, during its fundamental accomplishment years (1940 to 970), physical therapy was able to
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Sanderson was a physiotherapist who graduated from the Boston Normal School of gymnastics and used to work with Dr. Joel Goldthwait and orthopedic surgeon who later became the chairman of the war reconstruction committee of the American Orthopedic Association. Because of her prior physiotherapy experience, in 1917, Dr. Goldthwait appointed Sanderson as the first Supervisor of reconstruction aides. Her role was to recruit and arrange for training of reconstruction aides and also send them to Europe to help wounded soldiers. In 1922, Sanderson married and withdraw from active participation in the school. The training program for the reconstruction aides took place at Walter Reed General Hospital. The program at Walter Reed was assigned to a reconstruction aid named Mary Livingston McMillan. Mary McMillan was a mature, educated woman who was born in the United States from Scottish ancestry, when she was 5 years old, her mother and sister died of consumption (tuberculosis). Mary was sent to live with relatives in Liverpool, England. Although acquiring a higher education was unusual at that time for a young woman, as an avid and eager learner Mary received a college degree in Physical education and a postgraduate degree in her chosen career, the science of physical therapy. Mary McMillan’s physical therapy degree …show more content…
Because of her education and experience, she was hired immediately at the children’s Hospital in Portland, Maine, where for 2 years she was director of massage and medical gymnastic, treating children with scoliosis, congenital hip dislocations, and other childhood orthopedic bone and joint abnormalities. In 1918, at the recommendation of Sir Robert Jones, Elliot Bracket, a Boston orthopedist and one of the organizers of the army’s reconstruction program, asked McMillan to consider service with the U.S Army Medical Corps. As a reconstruction aid she was assigned to Walter Reed General Hospital in Tacoma Park. Maryland, shortly after, in June 1918, due to her experience and education in England, McMillan was asked to go to Reed College in Portland, Oregon, to train reconstruction aid applicants in the practical, hands-on segment of the War Emergency Training Program. With her contribution, Reed College’s physical therapy curriculum became the standard by which other emergency war training programs were measured. In January 1919, Mary McMillan was awarded the position of Chief Reconstruction Aid in the department of physiotherapy at Walter Reed General Hospital. Between 1919 and 1920, the number of physical therapy reconstruction aides was reduced primarily because of a major postwar decrease in military hospitals (at home and overseas). The number of hospitals shrank from 748 to 49. Despite the cutback, the army’s
As a physical therapist, one is able to make a difference in the lives of the patients he or she encounters. Whether they have a minor injury, such as a broken
For decades, America has fought in many different wars with the need of health assistance for their soldiers. The American Red Cross is a worldwide organization that helped during the times of war but also provided a path for scientific advancements. Through the American Red Cross and other organizations of this time, they opened up the doors for women to take the chance to advance in the medical field by participating in scientific experiments and being at the aide of wounded soldiers. During this time of scrutiny, the Great War was a hidden opportunity for the encroachment of medical research with the contribution to the expansion of nursing.
In late 1863, Mary headed to Tennessee on her own to provide medical aid to the survivors of the Battle of Chickamauga, one of the bloodiest confrontations of the war. Denied permission to work as a doctor, she served instead as a nurse until early 1864, when her persistence, combined with the army’s desperate need for medical personnel, finally paid off.
The nurses, doctors, and physicians that entered the war only had textbook training and sometimes they weren’t even trained at all. Four years after the Civil War, units of field-tested doctors, well-versed in anatomy, anesthesia and surgical practice, were bound to make great medical advancements. The idea of ambulances were to take wounded soldiers to battlefront hospitals. Clara Barton, the Civil War’s most famous nurse, founded the American Red Cross and this led up to today’s modern
After the women were trained the women were sent to hospitals for their placement, usually under Dorothea Dix. These two groups led to the creation of more organizations and increased the standard of medicine. Not only did the creation of organizations help advance medicine in the Civil War, there were many important women that did the same. Working on the battlefield was an ongoing struggle for women being female but they contributed to the development of battlefield medicine throughout the civil war. There were many important women who became nurses or physicians such as Mary Edwards Walker, Mary Ann Ball Bickerdyke, and Clara Barton. Mary Edwards Walker graduated from Syracuse Medical College and attempted to begin her own medical practice. This was extremely difficult for her because people were not ready to accept women as physicians. The stereotype that only men could be doctors and work on the battlefield still existed and this was one of the first times that this stereotype was challenged. She volunteered at military hospitals and took more medical courses to further her
Mary Marsh and Mary Allen served as nurses on board the USS United States in the War of 1912. Elizabeth Newcom marched over 600 miles during the Mexican War before being exposed and discharged. During the Civil War women served in all ranges of field service support and intelligence roles. Dr. Mary Walker was the first women to receive the Medal of Honor. The Spanish-American War brought 1,500 female nurses to the war front. World War I saw a drastic increase in women’s roles in the military. 33,000 served as nurses and support staff. 400 nurses lost their lives in the line of duty. World War II brought the rise of the U.S. Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC) modeled after the British Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS) and Women’s Royal Navy Service (WRENS). Historically known as a joyous
Nearly 20,000 women worked directly towards the American Civil War effort. Clara Barton, and many other brave women risked their lives aiding the sick and wounded alongside Dorthea Dix. Elizabeth Blackwell and Clara Barton were both inspired to create aid and relief organizations. The few female surgeons during the civil war took part in destroying the stereotype that women can’t be surgeons. Hannah Ropes and Mary Ann Bickerdyke stood up to their male superiors and achieved respect in the hospitals across America. As the American Civil War progressed, women started to stray from their traditional feminine roll by supporting the medical field in many ways, such as nursing on the battlefront and creating aid organizations, becoming surgeons, and earning respect in the hospital system.
From 1861 to 1865, “between 2,000 to 5,000 women” volunteered to serve as nurses in military hospitals during the Civil War. Nurses from all over came to lend a hand during this devastating time. Clara Barton, Annie Etheridge, Dorothea Dix, Susie King Taylor, and Helen Gilson were just a few of the many nurses who volunteer their services to the war effort. Women wanted to be involved and help out as much as they could. Most women did not want to be at home - doing their traditional domestic work. Many women thought that helping out during the Civil War as nurses was an addition to doing their home duties. Women also believed that working as a nurse helping soldiers during the war would make a difference in how people viewed them. Being a
During the Civil War, women accepted the generally male occupation of nurses. Nursing was one of the most significant ways that women contributed to the war. It is estimated that over 3,000 women volunteered as nurses during the Civil War. According to Women in the Civil War, “so many women eagerly volunteered for the job, they earned a nickname from the press, Florence Nightingales”. Until the Civil War, women rarely worked as nurses outside the home. Whether on the side of the Confederate or the Union women took care of the wounded the best they could. Huge causalities on both sides meant everyone was directly affected by the war, even those living far from the battlefields. In many places in the South, where most of the fighting took place, every available building became hospitals, and women
The war promoted the development of health services in military situations. Vietnam was very dangerous because this was the first time that there were people sabotaging at any time. Whether nurses were on the planes, ships or battlefields, they witnessed and participated in an evolution in trauma and combat casualty care. Rapid evacuation, readily available blood, well-established hospitals, advanced surgical techniques, and nursing management all combined to keep the wounded from dying. More specifically, “the rapid evacuation system for the wounded saved many lives that would have been lost in previous wars. Causalities from the battlefield could arrive at hospital receiving wards within minutes of injury” [1]. For example, each air force nurse carried dozens of wounded soldiers through the aircraft doors on bloodied ponchos or litters. She checked the snugness of their dressings to make sure that no one hemorrhaged during the short flight. She joked with patients who reacted to their injuries [2]. Many nurses
This document will provide information about the profession of a physical therapist assistant. In addition to that it will assist in learning multiple things about a career in physical therapy. Which include the different careers that may surround the PTA profession? The salary ranges. And other geographical locations best suited for this career choice, in addition to that also the growth pat-tern and education needed for this PTA profession. Lastly the type of experience one should gain by building a career in physical therapy.
During the Civil War, all of the nurses were expected to take on more responsibility. Due to the nurses lack of education that the nurses received, nurses would have to learn from their mistakes each day. Some of these mistakes were nurses giving the wrong medicine. Prior to the war, "Women’s experiences in nursing typically occurred in home settings, rather than in hospitals. Therefore, the nursing care provided was more intuitive than formal" (Egenes). Nursing was a lot more laid back during in the Civil War than it is now. Before the Civil War started, most patients got help from un trained nurses (“Nursing In America”). Each day "As the volunteer nurses learned from their experiences, they gradually embarked upon creative behaviors that were within the boundaries of established norms of medical practice of the time"(“Nursing in America”). This meant that almost
Physical therapy is the treatment of different physical issues by using physical methods rather than drugs or surgery. Physical therapy originally began in 1921 as the American Women’s Physical Association. The association was led by President Mary McMillan. An executive committee of elected officers governed the association. The executive committee included 274 charter members. In 1992, they changed their name to the American Physiotherapy Association (APA), and men were admitted. Within the 1930s, APA introduced its first “Code of Ethics”, and membership was just under 1,000. During WWII and the Polio epidemic (1940s-1950s) physical therapists were in high demand. As a result, membership grew to 8,000 and the number of education programs in the US increased from 16 to 39. In the late 40s the APA changed their name to the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA)
Physical therapy has a long and changing history. As a medical treatment, physical therapy goes back as far as cave dwellers, but was not considered a profession until World War I. During ancient times many places, worshiped the sun for its healing powers. Places such as Germany who worshiped and also set up fields where people lay in the sun to get well. Different therapies that were used throughout history contributed to physical therapy as a profession, hyper therapy, cryotherapy, hydrotherapy, and electrotherapy. As a polio epidemic swept the United States from 1915 through 1917, many therapists services were requested to help victims recover from the effects of this devastating illness. By the end of World War II, physical therapy was a widely accepted therapeutic practice. Near the 19th century in Britain, physical therapy was established, and all of the people being trained were women. The first
Physical Therapy is the one of the most important thing a person may need when recovering from an injury or disease. P.T.’s are highly educated professionals that teach their applicants how to recover and build their strength up the right way such as exercise, manual therapy, hydrotherapy, electrical therapy and ultrasound therapy. Physical Therapy has been a top chosen profession since World War 1 when Physical therapists were originally called Reconstruction Aids. Physical Therapy first started off as a predominately female career, but as the years progressed more and more males started to enter this chosen profession. During WW1 there were many cases of musculoskeletal injuries that involved soldiers whom were treated by Physical