Performance Enhancement Analysis

Because sports are very important to many people, and have been since the days of the Romans, there is much pride and honor in sports; however, there is something that has tainted the image of sports and athletes alike:

Creatine (Cr) is a popular dietary supplement used by athletes to increase sports performance, muscle mass, and strength. Creatine was first discovered in “1835, when a French scientist reported finding this constituent of meat” (Demant & Rhodes, 1999). This organic compound is manufactured endogenously by the liver and kidneys “from the amino acids glycine, arginine and methionine” for energy stipulation during muscular contraction. (Arazi, Rahmaninia, Hoseini, & Asadi, 2011). Creatine is either converted into free form Cr or phosphorylated form as known as creatine phosphate (CP). The endogenous production and exogenous consumption of Cr yields about 1 gram a day for the average person (Cooper, Naclerio, Allfrove , & Jimenez, 2012). In

athlete's career. Alex Rodriquez, a superstar in baseball who was caught using steroids, for example has lost a majority of his fan base For an athlete, the most important part of sports is being in top-notch physical shape. To achieve this kind of physicality, all competetent athletes must eat healthy, weightlift, and push themselves to their maximum ability every day. While training, athletes may need an extra jolt of power to push them beyond these limits. This is where supplements come in to play. The supplement Creatine produces chemical reactions in the human body that can improve the athlete’s muscular physique in a positive way.

In recent years, oral supplements of creatine monohydrate have become "increasingly popular among different athletes for use as a natural ergogenic aid (Stout et al., 1999). A surge in the use of creatine began in 1992, when "Harris et al showed that oral supplementation with high doses of creatine

The Intelligence Square U.S. held a debate about whether or not the government’s rules on performance enhancing drugs should be ban in professional sports. For the debate they had Radley Balko, Investigative Journalist, Norman Fost, Professor of Pediatrics and Bioethics at the University of Wisconsin, and Julian Savulescu, Uehiro Professor of Practical Ethics at the University of Oxford argue for the motion. They argue the fact that the medicines we take on a daily basis from the pharmacy are also performance enhancers. This goes back all the way to the Romans who once used herbs to improve themselves for battle, making them believe that the only exception that separates this from steroids is that it is illegal. On the other hand, you have

What exactly are Performance Enhancing Drugs (PEDs)? PEDs are defined as the use of a blood or drug product designed to improve one’s athletic performance. There is a vast range of controversy when considering this topic. The main conflict includes whether or not the drugs should be legalized. Athletes have been using forms of PEDs since the early medieval era. In forms of potions, herbs, and specific meals designed to “boost” their performance. However it wasn’t until the late 19th century, when the so-called “drugs” began to industrialize into a well-known product. The use of PEDs is an issue that cuts across all sports, regardless of tradition or technology. However, we

Although creatine is fairly expensive (fifty dollars for a one month supply), the original results of creatine testing and usage were very positive. Creatine supplementation helps the body by increasing the amount of creatine in the muscles, thus enabli ng the body to put out more energy more quickly. It was first discovered in the early 1900s, before creatine supplements were available, that increasing dietary creatine in turn increases the amount of creatine in the muscles (Jenkins). Supplementation of creatine in the diet leads to even higher levels of muscular creatine. Research has confirmed this. Current data indicate that muscle creatine levels increase, on average, 20% after six days of creatine supplementation at twenty grams per day (Eichne r 76). This increase of creatine in the muscles in turn increases the body's potential for exertion. Once creatine supplements were tested in humans, those increases were

Creatine is a supplement, creatine is the most popular supplement for improving your performance. Many studies have proven it to be useful for strength, muscle mass and performance. Many people believe it is bad for you and your liver but there are no proven studies showing this if creatine is used correctly. Creatine is a natural substance found inside your muscle cells which helps you gain muscle in several different ways, raise anabolic hormones, boost work load, increase cell hydration, reduce protein break down, lower myostatin levels, improve cell signaling and help strength. Creatine also is 100% legal and is very effective for short term and long term muscle growth. Creatine can also help certain diseases such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s. some people believe that creatine should be banned in sports and players caught using creatine should be punished, disqualified, or fined. This includes professional as well as semiprofessional and college athletes. These people believe that both the individual and team use of creatine should be illegal in sports. People who are for creatine believe that when used correctly creatine can be a healthy way to boost your athletic ability in a natural way. They believe creatine should not be banned and that players and teams should be allowed

They measured muscular strength and anaerobic performance in trained athletes. 17 physically, active young men were selected for the study and the creatine group had 8 people and the placebo group had 9 people with average age of 23 and 26, respectively. The creatine group took 20 grams a day over the course of 4 servings and the placebo group received a carbohydrate mixture and both groups took it before meals. They trained on day 1 and 4, which included exercises that the whole body. They measured anaerobic power on a 30 second Wingate test, max bench press and squat, took blood and urine samples, and measured height, weight, and body fat. Using an ANOVA with repeated measures across time, the results demonstrated that there was an increase in anaerobic force (12%) and back squat quality (11%) when contrasted with the placebo group. With more creatine in the body than with the control group and the creatine group had lower body fat but more body weight because of increased muscle mass. Proper training and creatine led to power and force increases for these athletes, which is helpful to a running back in improving power, speed, and game

Creatine Monohydrate has been proven to significantly enhance athletic performance in the areas of power, strength, and muscle mass. Most importantly though, it doesn't seem to have any serious side effects. Also, since Creatine is found naturally in the body and in foods, it is likely that it will not be removed from sports.      

I would first like to start by saying that creatine is the only dietary supplements that I recommend for all bodybuilders. Protein supplements and weight gainer in all the glory, but they fulfill a function as normal food can easily meet anyway. Creatine however, plays on a completely different level to the extent that you can only realize its full potential with supplements and is considering the outcome and the incredibly cheap price tag is almost stupid if you do not use it.

Along with this,supplement manufacturers are not required to wait for FDA safety approval before adding new ingredients to their product. As a result of no oversight some companies chose to put compounds in their products such as androstenedione a growth hormone that although legal poses a “health risk similar to steroids” (Dr. Robert Brackett). Which is a primary reason why it is banned by many sports organizations throughout the

Results: Surveys were obtained from 93% of eight hundred six eligible athletes. Overall, 68% of athletes had heard of creatine and 28% reported using it. Forty-eight percent of men reported having used creatine as compared with 4% of women. With two exceptions, the all men's teams had at least 30% of athletes who reported a history of creatine use. Of athletes that had used creatine, about one-third had first used it in high school. Friends and teammates were the most common sources of creatine information. Increased strength and muscle size were the most common effects the athletes expected and perceived from creatine use.

The supplement creatine is used for faster recovery for muscles after short periods of exercise. The theory is an athlete on creatine can exhibit more explosive bursts of energy allowing for longer weight workouts, more sprints, etc. Increased muscle mass and bulk are two of the ideas behind creatine, but they only occur as long as people work out while taking the substance. It doesn’t create

The scene is set. It is 2016 in Rio de Janeiro, and the final heat of the Olympics is about to commence. The sprinters have been training their entire lives for the opportunity at hand, and the outcome of the most important event of their lives is going to come down to mere milliseconds. With a gold medal on the line, these athletes will be looking for any advantage they can get, whether big or small. One direction these athletes turn for an advantage is supplements. Supplements have emerged as a way for athletes to increase their performance, yet their use is very controversial. Supplements, varying from simple multivitamins to complex chemical supplements, are used by almost every athlete, whether recreational or professional,