Performance Appraisal An effective method of performance evaluation is the 360-degree performance appraisal. This method utilizes supervisor(s), subordinates, peers, and occasionally customer feedback to provide the employee a clear picture how their actions affect others in the workplace (Dalton, 1996). Areas on a performance evaluation that utilize the 360-degree performance appraisal elements are; cooperation and teamwork, initiative and judgment, dependability, and customer service. These elements of the evaluation work together and meet the goal of a performance appraisal to motivate and improve the skills of the employee. Reliability and Validity Critical elements of any performance appraisal are its reliability, validity, and objectivity. Reliability is the consistency with which something is measured; validity is the extent to which an instrument measures whatever it is intended to measure (Saal & Knight, 1995). In terms of performance appraisal, questions addressed are if the appraisal is consistent across employees and those doing the appraising, as well as ensuring the appraisal is actually measuring employee performance and not an outlying characteristic. It is in this area that the 360-degree appraisal is effective. Several authors have agreed that one observer does not effectively provide a thorough performance assessment (Rothstein, 1990). Employees possess valid information and insight regarding performance, and are useful because they have an
Development of a performance appraisal system that is effective in a human service organization is of benefit for the organization and the employees. For a performance appraisal system to be effective, the system has to be strategic, designed to fit the specific needs of the organization, non-discriminatory, non-bias, with correct implementation and administration. Many different components, must to be incorporated to make this type of system beneficial for all who use it, and all who are evaluated by the system.
“Performance appraisals can enhance employee performance as well as advance the mission and goals of an organization. There are many advantages of performance appraisals if they are applied fairly, consistently and objectively. Performance appraisals not applied fairly can be counterproductive and even destructive to
After reviewing exhibit 7.4.2, list what you regard as the major problems with the Darby appraisal system. Make specific recommendations about changing the system.
360-degree Appraisal: is a review method that uses feedback from an employee 's subordinates, superiors and colleagues to measure his performance at job. Feedback from external part related to the job, like customers can also be used in this performance appraisal method. The advantage of this method is that an employee is evaluated by different people, the negative side of this method is that factors like people experience with the employee and the personal relations have a direct impact on the employee score (Prowse & Prowse, 2009).
Performance Management Within the Workplace The basis of the mainstream of performance appraisals within the modern workplace is one person (a manager or executive) rating one more, an intrinsically individual process. There are distinction such as 360 degree appraisals that include the judgment of others such as clientele and peers/colleagues in the process but it is the action of one person transitory judgment upon another that is subjective in nature and the root cause of many of the problems encountered in the research associated with performance appraisals. Performance appraisals are of importance to the organisation, as they often provide the only measure of an individual's contribution and
Performance is evaluated, and information is provided to employees that enables them to reflect on their performance and develop plans. The 360-degree approach allows a wider range of people to evaluate and give feedback on an employee’s performance. A manager might conduct a self-appraisal, as well as receive feedback from peers, subordinates, superiors, and even customers and clients. Some advantages of 360-degree appraisal are that employees can get more than one perspective, and that people who work closely with the employee on a day-to-day basis can give feedback on overall performance, not just once a month or once a year. It is also a useful technique for meeting customer needs. It is sometimes easy for members within an organization to lose sight of the customers' perspectives, and 360-degree appraisal brings the customers' viewpoints into the larger picture. Some disadvantages include the possibility of spiteful evaluations from disgruntled subordinates, especially if evaluations are anonymous, coerced positive evaluations from intimidated employees, or misguided evaluations from employees who are not knowledgeable enough about the job they are evaluating.
Performance appraisals are an aid to creating and maintaining a satisfactory level of performance by employees on their jobs. Chatterjee, B (2002: 216) has argued that “the mere knowledge that their performance is being assessed and that such an assessment will have an important bearing on their future within the organisation is a powerful incentive for them to sustain and if possible better their present level of performance”. Therefore performance appraisals help management in motivating and maximising the potential of its employees.
A commanding performance evaluation is obtained from several different resources. A proper evaluation is not issued only from management but also with input from peers and subordinates. It is also not uncommon to have customers; both internal and external contribute to the appraisal process. Self-appraisal is also an effective tool for appraisal as it can assist with establishing goals for the future. This type of 360º degree appraisal process can provide a complete assessment of the employee’s strengths and weaknesses. Often times, this type of appraisal process can assist to identify area of concern that traditionally would not have been recorded. All evaluations should be recognized for their source. A self evaluation may be slightly biased and not overly critical where an appraisal from a peer could be affected by the employee’s willingness to properly cooperate with the process. The self evaluation has a tendency not to be objective in relation to the requirements of the position. An affective self evaluation must be based on the requirements of the position and not based on the judgment of the individual performing the activity.
Performance appraisals are an essential element of the general performance management procedure. A performance management structure involves having an appraisal technique or method, substantiated by job types, colloquial and continuous feedback, leadership training, performance expectations, punitive policies, as well as employee productivity and acknowledgement. In addition, both positive and negative feedback are elements that are instrumental in the arena of performance management. However, the paramount cause of performance appraisal efficiency as well as effectiveness is how well each of these elements correlates with one another.
Although performance cannot be judge alone with 360-degree assessment, it provides a commentary aspect that will assist an organization in Leadership Development and Succession Planning. Including the 360-degree appraisal in the performance management process will provide a broader perspective about an employee’s performance and detail to annual appraisal. In addition, the technique facilitates greater self-development for an employee. Moreover, it enables an employee to compare his or her self- evaluation about performance with the perceptions of others.
The second beekeeper, however, had very different results. Because each bee in his hive was focused on the hive 's goal of producing more honey. This Bess had concentrated their efforts on gathering more nectar in order to produce more honey than ever before. The bees worked together to determine the highest nectar yielding flowers and to create quicker processes for depositing the nectar they had gathered. They also worked together to help increase the amount of nectar gathered by the poorer performers. Tile Queen Bee of this hive reported that the poor performers either improved their performance or transferred to hive No.1, because the hive had reached its goal. The beekeeper rewarded each bee his portion of the hive incentive. The keeper was also surprised to hear a loud, happy buzz and a jubilant flapping of wings as he rewarded the individual highperforming bees with special recognition. Should you measure performance or mere activities of employees? is the one who does silent work but does not show of himself/herself or the one who puts up a show but hardly performs to be recognized and rewarded? This and other related questions are answered in this chapter.
According to Zweig (1991), performance appraisal instruments are tools that are used to measure the performance of employees in the workplace. They are used to put employees up against one another or a predetermined standard, and the appraiser is required to give an evaluation. Practical and effective performance appraisal instruments are drafted when the company has already clarified its philosophy and performance management system. It is also imperative that the performance appraisal instruments are calculated accurately, and that the supervisors are empowered to produce
Human Resource (or personnel) management, in the sense of getting things done through people, is an essential part of every manager’s responsibility, but many
Trent has several facts that he needs to consider about how he handled Ms. Smith’s appraisal. The purpose of the performance appraisal is to advise the employee concerning the value of their performance. Performance appraisals should reinforce the manager and employee relationship. Trent’s method of presenting Smith’s appraisal was discouraging and upsetting because she stormed out of the office. He only stated her weaknesses and hinted that she did not really fit in his department. He did not set any short-term improvement goals and a follow-up date to ascertain if Ms. Smith had shown any improvement. He did not give her a copy of her appraisal. One of the facts that Trent needs to consider is that he did not follow the performance appraisal guidelines. In fact, everyone should receive a copy of their appraisal. Another fact that Trent should consider is that he did not have enough documentation available to confirm that she had an inadequate work performance and an unpleasant attitude. He is basing her performance from his negative personal feelings about Ms. Smith. Trent felt that Ms. Smith was a “problem” employee. If Trent did not record any oral warnings or written reprimands in her record, this is another fact that he needs to consider. He has to record the exact times and dates that he has spoken to Ms. Smith about her attitudes and performance. Additionally, he has to provide specific and objective facts in her employee file to prove that
In this paper, I will discuss how to develop and how to recommend and implement an effective performance evaluation process. To begin, I will define what should be evaluated in a performance evaluation. I will than discuss and compare the relative value of common sets of evaluation criteria. Next, I will explain how it can be advantageous to have supervisors, peers and subordinates all participate in the evaluation process. Also, I will explain how it can also be disadvantageous to have supervisors; peers and subordinates to all participate in the evaluation process. Then I will compare and contrast common performance evaluation methods. I will also give examples of errors and biases that commonly