Have you ever had a vision about an event and it later comes true? Have you ever been able to read another individual’s thoughts? If so, you may possess extrasensory perception. Extrasensory perception is the “ability to obtain information about the world around you without using the normal five senses of sight, touch, taste, hearing and smell” (Extrasensory Perception [APA], n.d.). There are many theories on extrasensory perception, including that “all humans have some degree of extrasensory perception and that we involuntarily experience extrasensory perception on several occasions” (Extrasensory Perception [APA], n.d.). In other words, many individuals believe that all humans have the potential for extrasensory perception, but some …show more content…
Joseph Rhine was a professor at Duke University, at the time, where he conducted numerous experiments that concluded the existence of the sixth sense, extrasensory perception. In these experiments, Rhine designed a set of twenty-five cards, later known as Zener cards, that consisted of four different designs: a circle, wave, square, and cross. Two participants were required for this experiment, which included a transmitter and receiver. In an experiment testing telepathy, the transmitter would look at a string of cards while the receiver would try to guess the symbols of the cards. Since each deck of cards contained five cards of each design, each participant has a one in five chance of guessing the pattern on a card. Rhine came to the conclusion that with “random guessing you yield five hits per deck of twenty-five” (Extrasensory Perception [APA], n.d.). Moreover, any individual who was above the level of five hits, possessed some ability of extrasensory perception. When Rhine was testing clairvoyance, the deck of cards was concealed, while the receiver tried to guess the design on the cards. In 1970, Charles Honorton used the Ganzfeld Technique. Honorton’s experiment required two participants, a receiver and a transmitter. The receiver is placed in a room filled with red light with white noise playing in the background, referred to as the Ganzfeld state. The receiver has their eyes covered with halved ping-pong balls,
In experiment 1, participants were instructed to press a key to determine if the stimulus was red, blue, yellow, or green. On the second half of the experiment, the stimulus appeared in grey with only one colored letter which was positioned randomly. Error rates for the experiment were below 2.5% for each condition, which is quite low. Experiment 2 was the same as experiment 1 except that there were 114 data collections instead of 288 and there were 36 practice trials instead of 72. According to experiment 1 and 2 it is suggested that the effect of
In the podcast named "Why seeing (the Unexpected) is often not believing", it discusses about the experiment of psychologist named Chris Chabris. He was interested in a crime case of police man named Kenneth Conley in January of 1995. The crime happened when the police received a call about an officer was shot by four blacks man. While the police were chasing the suspect, four suspects jumped out the car and ran to the different direction, the police named Micheal Cox jumped out and chased the suspect. Cox is an black and undercover officer who worked in the gang unit which meant he did not wear uniform on that day. A group of officers got the wrong direction, they thought Cox was one of four suspects and started to beat Cox. Conley got out
The opening statement of the article Looks can deceive: Why Perception and Reality Don't Always Match Up by Christof Koch reads as follows; “When you are facing a tricky task, your view of the world may not be as accurate as you think” (Koch, 2010) In this article Koch argues that a human’s conscious perception of the world is neither static or accurate. That people everywhere are incapable of being one hundred percent objective and therefore their awareness of objects surrounding them is dependent on factors such as personal strength, confidence, fears and desires. Koch states that being human is equal to “seeing the world through your own, constantly shifting, lens” (Koch, 2010)
A Rorschach stimuli can be generated by dropping ink on a piece of paper and folding it in the middle, but still the cards were not random but selected out of thousands that H. Rorschach created. The test consists five black and white symmetrical inkblots with different shades of gray, two black/gray with red stains, and three multicolored. Each inkblot is printed on a separate white card, approximately 18x24 cm in size (Kaplan, & Saccuzzo, 2008).
Luck and Vogel's change detection experiment was made to determine exactly how much information can a person withhold from a quick flash of stimulus. They modified the previous change dtetction experiment alittle. Rather than asking the person if there was a change in the display only, they also ask the person to recall the amount of items
Good evening, hope your day is going well. My name is Dee Adedipe and I am a student in Dr. Glasper PSYC409 seminar that you presented in. I was reviewing my notes on your presentation and realized I did not understand the expected hypothesis of the experiments. Could you please explain what you expected to occur more in-depth ? Thank you. Also, great job on the presentation, it was very fascinating, although very complex.
The purpose of this essay is to create an experiment that test whether or not psychics have clairvoyant power. 1a. Dr. Venkman believes that psychics are the only one who has this special clairvoyant power that no regular person has. 1b. In his article How ESP Works, Tom Harris reveals that no one are ability to prove that extra- sensory perception (ESP), exist. For example, Harris uses the scenario of a man who wrote a book about a sunken ship, which had the same description as the Titanic. The book was published before the Titanic was built. He was rewarded as a psychic, however this scenario limits the scientific method because it occurs in an uncontrolled environment. In order to effectively demonstrate some good evidences, scientists need to conduct an experiment that has a closely controlled condition. In John Thomas’ facts sheet, he mentions that the evidences cited for ESP are usually anecdotal. He states these anecdotal claimed that scientific tests at respected research institutions have conclusively demonstrated that ESP exists. For example, as pointed out by Thomas, the SRI remote- viewed experiments claimed that subjects could see places through the eyes of others. However, psychologies are unable to repeat the result of this experiment.
Because I am going into psychology, I decided to do a subject in psychology, specifically neuropsychology, since that is a field that is relatively new and developing, there are many discoveries that are being made. The article I decided to read is titled “Perception Through Action”, written by Vittorio Gallese, Laila Craighero, Luciano Fadiga, and Leonardo Fogassi, from the Institute of Human Physiology in Italy. They summarize the views of two scientists, Milner and Goodale, and their research made on how the brain processes certain information, and how perception occurs. These two scientists, according to the authors, made a revolutionary discovery on how the brain processes information, and that we
The Ganzfeld experiment is labeled under another category of psychology called parapsychology. Parapsychology focuses on the study of paranormal phenomenons (The Parapsychological Association). The original intent of this experiment was made to test telepathy and other extrasensory perceptions (Bem, 1996). The precursor before the Ganzfeld experiment was done to test telepathy as an individual was asleep in the REM stage. An individual, the receiver, would sleep and brain activity was recorded.
Sternberg posed subjects the task of identifying whether or not a target letter, the "probe item" (BOOK, YEAR, p. 181), appeared in a set or not after storage in short-term memory, retrieval of which was timed, in order to investigate the processes of short-term memory. Subjects were given probe letters in various groupings, and then stopped a timer when they had verified the presence of the probe items in a second group of letters or not. This was an innovation on earlier research where the "father of Dutch opthalmology" F. C. Donders (Duke-Elder, 1959, p. 1) had tried to imply memory speed by subtracting one verbal memory task from a group of other tasks, which Sternberg improved by increasing and standardizing test iterations with methodical variation, so that a more robust sample could then rule out confounds introduced by potential interaction between Donders' test elements (BOOK, YEAR, p. 181). The result was a pathbreaking insight into how short-term memory achieves retrieval, which Sternberg found was "serial exhaustive" (BOOK, YEAR, p. 184), where the short-term memory starts by verifying the presence or absence of the probe item in the first position in the "memory set" (ibid.) group of letters, and then started checking the second position for the probe letter(s); and then the third, to the nth set position, rather than searching the whole memory set at the same time (parallel), in
Since humans evolved, we’ve relied on our senses to guide us and help us survive, for without them, we’d have gone extinct a long time ago. Our sight lets us view the world around, allowing us not only to spot danger, but also to explore, and discover new places and objects, whilst our hearing allows us, for example, to survey our surrounding more efficiently. We’ve always needed our senses to survive, so much so that the idea of them being untrustworthy is a worrying thought, but is it possible for this to happen, and can our senses be deceived?
instance, in one of the authors’ (Bradfield & Wells, 2005) experiments, the participants saw a
In the book of Matthew, Jesus calls the Pharisees “blind guides,” or men who guided or taught from their self righteous customs instead of from the Spirit of the Law. The Pharisees blame shifted and refused to assist with the actual burdens they would not carry. But, in Proverbs, Solomon refers indirectly to the routine of someone that seeks reasons for glorifying God, “The fruit of the righteous is a tree of life; and he that winneth souls is wise” (Proverbs 11:30). Therefore, as a disciple of Christ, who came to “seek and to save the lost” (Luke19:10), I ought to work to glorify God. Furthermore, in Evangelism Is, by Dave Early and David Wheeler, it states that our lives are to glorify God, because, “ultimately God gets the most glory, and we find the deepest fulfillment when our lives are
Completing this project helped me to realize that there are an infinite amount of ways to look at different scenarios. Perception is completely controlled by the person perceiving. For example, rain can either mean depression and hopelessness, but it can also symbolizes cleansing and peace. It helped my come to the realization that there is birth in death. I relate to this because of the death of my father, there was the birth of a new me. There was the birth of a new me who is able to sympathize more intimately with others, a new me who has a stronger appreciation for the life I’ve been given. This project has taught me that there will always be love and life amongst death and hatred. This has taught me to look at life and unfortunate situations