Zaibatsu- refers to Japanese industrial and financial business conglomerates in the Japanese Empire. They maintained significant influence and control within the Japanese economy and as a result, maintained leverage in the direction of the national and foreign policies of the nation (Sansom 168). Balance of Power- relies on the idea that national security is enhanced when military capabilities are distributed in a manner in which no one state may dominate others. Although states have the option of either balancing or bandwagoning in the face of external states, the theory predicts defensive coalitions will rise and defeat the aggressor (Jervis). The Manchurian crisis in 1931-33 was a retaliation by the Japanese which was motivated by …show more content…
The United States enjoyed their isolationist policy and the American public opinion was against any conflict in the Pacific (Sagan 331). According to Sansom, the Japanese maintained a level of distrust for their Axis partners and felt a premature settlement in the European theatre would end any hope in regards to their desired expansion. This led to an increased desire to act upon the opportunities presented (170). Japanese planners felt that a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor would cripple U.S. sea and air capabilities, and an offensive could not be managed in time given the focus in the European Theatre and lack of a present war economy (Sansom 170). Japan believed that negotiations would provide Japan with the ability to maintain a majority of their empire along with the resources to finally be self-sustainable (Sansom 172). Among these positive illusions are: unrealistically positive views of one's abilities and character, the illusion of control, and unrealistic optimism. Individuals resist information that conflicts with positive self-assessments; these unrealistically positive views of oneself are generally robust overtime. The third positive illusion is “unrealistic optimism. "The evidence for "illusory," or biased, optimism comes from the comparisons of individuals' judgments of themselves and of others (Kahneman …show more content…
They justified action, no matter how irrational, on the grounds that they were motivated by the desire to do good for the nation (Storry 404). First instance of expansion for the Japanese empire, led by samurai who relied on their military strength to control and lead their feudal domains (Starrs 404). As noted by Sansom, a resource war occurred internally between the Army and Navy over supplies. Supplies such as the oil and metals necessary to maintain the functions of the army and navy, were all dependent upon a steady resource chain, which came from the sea. Such supply chain was extremely vulnerable and weak as demonstrated by US submarine and air attacks throughout the war (174). Japanese production strength reached its peak in 1943 and strained the civilian population to a near breaking point. The Zaibatsu recognized the limitations of the economy, but were unable to influence any action. The industrial leaders essentially were forced to execute orders in which they maintained minimal faith. The poor leadership and unmanageable political system led the Japanese directly into a dire conflict they had no business being involved in. (Sansom
Prior to WWII, Japan expanded into other countries like China and Manchuria to gain resources because Japan didn’t want to rely on the United States for resources and nearly eighty percent of their oil (Doc D). The invasion of Manchuria made the United States suspicious of Japan’s intent, but when China was invaded, the United States confirmed their skepticism and stopped trading military equipment with Japan. Two years later, in 1941, Japanese-American oil trades embargoed and banking assets froze. The trade cut off prevented the Japanese’s goal of becoming a world power because they couldn’t fuel their military or their industries. Therefore, the action infuriated the leaders of Japan and such anger was expressed during an Imperial Conference when Hideki Tojo stated to his fellow board members that the United States can’t do as she wants and let other countries suffer (Doc E). This conference helped organize the bombing and influenced the spread of Japanese hate toward America. Just as Europe and the United States did when fabricating the Treaty of Versailles, Japan took action in the interest of their country first and bombed Pearl Harbor in the same year as trade flow stopped. The bombing represented revenge against the trade cutoff and for preventing the completion of their
A year before the US placed the embargo of aircraft and aircraft parts against Japan, the US Pacific Fleet was in California but a year after we placed the embargo against Japan President Roosevelt ordered the fleet to be moved to Pearl Harbor as a show of American power (Doc C). When Japan seized southern French Indo-China in July of 1941, Roosevelt responded by freezing Japanese assets in the United States and ending sales of oil to Japan. Japan chose to continue its diplomatic talks with the United States while at the same time secretly preparing for a coordinated assault throughout the Pacific. Japan’s leaders hoped that a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor would destroy American resolve and cripple the American navy for at least six months, giving Japan time to consolidate its new empire
Based off of this evidence, one can deduce that Japan felt compelled to attack America due to its rapidly deteriorating supplies. With the movement crippled, American forces would only enhance, giving them the strength to defeat
In the 1940’s, tension between Japan and America was dramatically increasing.Japan had recently declared that there was to be a new order, and that they were the new world power. The United States did not like Japan’s motives and cut Japan off from their main source of trade and supplies. Japan bombed Pearl Harbor because America put restrictions on trade, America was becoming too strong, and Japan wanted to be the at the top of the world power.
One of the reasons why Japan launched an attack on the United states was because of their worldly view. In (Document A) it states, “ The way of the subject is to be loyal to the Emperor in disregard of self, thereby supporting the Imperial Throne coexistence with the Heaven and the Earth.” The Japanese had the mentality that they were the master race and everyone else must subject. They had motives that they could claim the whole world; everything was in the grasp of their hand. According to them Europe and America was now crumbling, as stated in (Document A), “An old order…(European and American)... is now crumbling.” Japan felt it was their turn to
The first couple decades of the twentieth century Japan and the United States had increasing tension and conducted negotiations to reduce threats of conflict. Asia was the center point for both countries, and each wanted a piece of it. Competition for economic and commercial opportunities were ongoing growing with tension. Starting
In essays done by Ernest Hemingway and Raymond Carver, the dialogue is utilized to help create the story. In two completely different short stories called ‘Hills like White Elephants” and “Cathedral” dialogue helps bring these stories a little bit closer, and explain them a little bit better. The authors could have used various ways to write the dialogue. They could have used simple or complex language, interpret emotions, advance the plot, and used specific styles.
Japan acted on this new order when it had completed occupation of Manchuria in 1932 (Doc
The international frustration combined with the Great Depression, radically changed Japanese political life (Slackman 4). Moreover, Japanese officers grew increasingly skeptical of the government’s ability to deal with the crisis (Slackman 4). Between fear and doubt
The Japanese’s foundation of strength and character relied on an ever present honor system. This character not only went into their everyday lives but also their military. The Empire of Japan‘s militarization benefitted the people by embodying the best characteristics and highest morals of the Japanese people, thereby encouraging people to keep faith in their
The Japanese viewed the U.S.’s inactivity in the war and its The Great Depression as an opportunity to obtain more territory in the Pacific. The Japanese’s intelligence on the American navy was also very limited and led them to think that “…if Japanese naval forces took out the American Pacific carriers at Pearl Harbor, there was simply no way for America, at least in the immediate future, to contradict any of their Pacific agendas” (Davis, Source 1: "Real Reason Japanese Attacked Pearl Harbor"). The Japanese thought that if anything the United States would enter into a negotiation or respond weakly to the attack as its naval base was
With Japan and Hawaii being more than four thousand miles apart, no one believed that the Japanese would start the war with an attack on American territory. Flying that far to start a war seemed to be very inconvenient for both sides. Also, American intelligence officers were not expecting attack so close to home, so the naval base at Pearl Harbor was nearly unarmed or prepared. They thought if they were going to get bombed on, it would be somewhere relatively closer like the Dutch Indies, Singapore, or Indochina, which were all European colonies in the South Pacific. Japan new that the Pearl Harbor was an irresistible target because hundreds of ships and planes were squeezed onto this base. Also, most of the Pacific Fleet was secured around this harbor.
Although Japan changed in many ways from 1853 to 1941, there were also many factors that remained the same throughout the history of Japan. One such continuity was the maintained existence of a figurehead ruler controlled by other political authorities. The feudalistic emperor of Japan was the supposed “highest, most powerful authority” in the land, but was actually controlled by the military leaders- the shogun. Similarly, the militaristic emperor of Japan decades later continued to remain a figurehead ruler controlled by military and government officials. In addition, Japan continued to remain reliant on exports in order to maintain its economy. As a result of Japan’s small geographical size, the island nation had few natural resources and was forced to rely on exports to survive economically. The nation also grew increasingly reliant on other nations to provide materials and supplies that it could not provide for itself. This complete reliance on other nations was seen illustrated when the Japanese military was provoked to attacking another superpower- the United States, in response to the 1940 United States embargo
Leading up to the events at Pearl Harbor, let’s talk about the Japanese; they were a rising power in the East. They renounced the Five Power Treaty they has signed in 1922 along with the US, Great Britain, France, and Italy, and began building their pathway towards an “Empire of Asia”. They “began an aggressive military build-up in anticipation of expanding its control on Asia” (Tindall, 2013). Sadao Araki, a general in the Japanese military is quoted having said, “It is Japan’s mission to be supreme in Asia, the South Seas and eventually the four corners pf the world.” Japanese leaders called this unquenchable thirst for power the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, or Co-Prosperity Sphere for short. The Co-Prosperity Sphere was a group of nations in Asia, led by Japan, who used propaganda to gain members. “The leaders spoke of “Asia for Asians,” the need to liberate Asian countries from
Japan was affected because America's trade was vital to Japan's survival. Trade with America became limited and Japans economic prosperity was at risk. Japan needed more imports. The army decided on a militaristic option and seized Manchuria, as it had rich supplies of raw materials such as coal, iron ore, timber and rice. They believed that by expanding, Japan could become more powerful.