Peak Expiratory Flowing Rate

Thirteen healthy undergraduate students at the University of Brighton (8 males, 5 females; mean ± SD, age: 19.2 ± 1.5 years; body mass: 67.4 ± 16.1 kg; height: 177 ± 28.2m) were briefed with the study procedure. Their anthropometric data was collected, along with a medical questionnaire and their consent to participate in the study. All of the participants were familiar with the laboratory testing procedures.

Age, height, and sex all have an effect on predicting lung volume. For flow rate, exercise is predicting factor. From the data, we see that males have higher PEFs and FVCs. This is most likely because of more muscles mass, height, and we have many male athletes. This supports the ideas that sex, increased height, and increased mass all increase the lung volumes.

The prevalence of asthma has steadily grown in both the US and world populations, and continues to do so. In the US alone, 25 million people were diagnosed with asthma by 2010 (CDC, 2013). In turn, the need to accurately assess the functionality of a patient’s lung capacity is an essential step to begin diagnosis and treatment of their condition. This paper examines the mechanical peak flow meter, which was crafted for assessing lung function capacity in asthmatic patients. In addition, comparing the advantages and disadvantages of usage of the peak flow meter, as well as the proper usage. Among the various instruments used to assess a patient’s lung capacity, the mechanical peak flow meter is the most widely used and among one of the most precise measurement tools (CDC, 2013).

They found that height was the most strongly correlated factor to do with an increase in the PEFR value recorded. They also suggest that other factors such as regional and environmental factors may also effect the PEFR values obtained and further studies should be done in that area. This study strongly indicates a statistically significant positive linear relationship between height and PEFR values.

It is no secret that children’s growth and development is an ever-changing and at times difficult aspect on life. In most cases, changes in both mass and stature occur for girls from ages 10-12 and in boys from ages 12-14. Most of the growth during this time for both girls and boys occurs in their legs. For example, at age five, leg length is about 45% of total height while at age 10 the

The objective of this study was to determine the acute and immediate effects of cold and warm air exercise on pulmonary functioning testing (PFT) and the presence of exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) in seemingly healthy athletes. The researchers also wanted to conclude if there was a significant decrease of PFT variables like peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1.0). The study included the participation of eight men and four women with a mean age of 31.6 + 4.8 years and 27.3 + 5.0 years respectively. Each runner had to confirm the following prior to participating in the experiment: 1) rid of any metabolic, cardiac, and respiratory diseases, 2) run at least 20 miles each week, and 3) land within 21 and 45 years old. The experiment occurred in January in Minnesota. The two settings were an outside course and a treadmill indoors with a 6% grade and speed adapted to accommodate the runners’ 85-95% maximal heart rate (MHR).

In 2009, 7.1 million children in the United States were diagnosed with asthma (Grossman & Mattson Porth, 2014). Asthma is a chronic airway disorder resulting in episodes of airway inflammation, airway obstruction, airway remodeling, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The deregulated inflammation leads to recurrent chest wheezing, cough, and shortness of breath. Asthma can be broken into several phenotypes, based on clinical and functional characteristics of the disease. Clinical manifestations may be from mild to severe and in some individuals deadly (Chesne, Braza, Mahay, Brouard, Aronica, & Magnan, 2014).

To test the capacity of a person’s lungs is to use the Functional Residual Capacity method, this measures the amount of air in the lungs after a normal breath. This will be taken before the aerobic exercise is taken place. To measure their lung capacity after the 5 minutes of exercise, their breathing is slightly more forceful and that must be taken into account therefore measuring the Expiratory Reserve Volume which is measuring an exhale that is slightly forceful after exercising. These measurement will be compared in a table along with other data containing height, athletes and non-athletes. One of the ways their capacity is being measured is by using a spirometer although it takes a forced breath to calculate its capacity. Another method

air the lungs can hold and the speed of the air that is inhaled or exhaled. A Spirometry test

Figure 1. The effect of gender on the mean forced vital capacity in college aged students. The data reported as the mean ± standard deviation with n = 127, 59 respectively. The asterisk signified the male mean FVC is significantly different than the female mean FVC.

It is assumed that because the results are insignificant that a VO2 max test does not affect a person’s pulmonary function. A limitation during these tests could result of the subjects forgetting to wear a nose piece. Not wearing a nose piece would skew the results by increasing the subject’s FVC and MVV. A set time after VO2 max test was not set, therefore, subjects varied on how many minutes it took to complete the pulmonary function tests after the VO2 max test. The sample size was very small and a very specific population. If a sedentary population would have been tested, results may have been different like in Vendala et al. (2013) research. In Durmic et al. (2017) research MVV and FVC were compared between endurance elite athletes and their age-and sex-matched sedentary control group. This study found that there is evidence that exercise may affect spirometric indices that can lead to a higher

Necessary increase in ventilation to maintain blood gas homeostasis during exercise was compromised in some individuals resulting in a high work of breathing. When these ventilatoy demands exceed the capacity for the lung and chest wall to generate flow and volume, expiratory flow limitation can develop which may result in diaphragm fatigue. Expiratory flow limitation (EFL), is an important physiological phenomenon since it is associated with dynamic hyperinflation, which increases the work of breathing and causes dyspnea and potential exercise

During this lab, various lung volumes and capacities for one subject were calculated for different conditions. These conditions included at rest and during 3 bouts of exercise varying in resistance on a cycle ergometer. Two subjects were supposed to participate in this specific lab, but there were technical difficulties with the computer set up, which only allowed for one individual to complete the entire procedure. The experiment began by having the subject sit down and breathe normally for 3 minutes into the transducer. Then, the participant performed 5 complete breathing cycles and at the end of the last cycle the individual was directed to inhale as deeply as possible followed by an exaggerated exhale. From there, the volumes were measured, including tidal volume (TV), inspiratory reserve volume (IRV), expiration reserve volume (ERV) and residual volume (RV). Next, the 3 exercise bouts at 60 repetitions per minute (RPM) occurred. The first exercise bout was at 0 kg followed by another at 2% and one at 5% the subject’s body weight, respectively. Similar to the resting condition, the different volumes were calculated for the 3 exercise bouts. After gathering all of the different values for the volumes, the capacities were calculated by using various equations.

The baseline value of this experiment was the PO2, PCO2 and Hb-O2 saturation during normal breathing. These baseline value (table 1) allow the comparison between different breathing patterns to normal breathing. The results (Figure 1, 2, 3 & table 1) of this experiment shows that breath-hold compare to normally breathing, mean PO2 decrease, mean PCO2 increase (figure 1) and mean Hb-O2 saturation slightly decrease (Figure 2). Moreover, comparing p values of breath-hold to breath-hold after hyperventilation, which is less than 0.05, meaning there is significant changes in mean PO2 and PCO2 (table 2), mean PO2 decrease, mean PCO2 increase (figure 1), and mean oxygen haemoglobin saturation increase (figure 2), the mean duration of breath hold decrease

Asthma, according to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute is a chronic lung disease that narrows and causes inflammation of the airways (2014). The effects of asthma on the body include coughing, shortness of breath, wheezing and chest tightness, if left untreated a severe asthma attack could be fatal (NIH, 2014). While asthma currently has no cure, it is assumed that preventative measures can be taken to lessen the risk or improve the chance of a flare up; although it is not a guarantee. A study of collected data regarding body mass index and asthma will be reviewed to determine if there is sufficient association to relate the two subjects as cause and effect. This paper will briefly discuss the subjects, methods, measures, and any issues related to the proposed research.