Paul Hawkins Natural Capitalism Summary

In the book Saving Capitalism, written by Robert B. Reich, explains the current economic situation, theory’s behind worker’s and voter’s moral, and ways to make the American economy to work for the many and not the few. Reich examines the effect of corporate influence on the economy. Large corporations tilting the market in a way that would benefit the top and not much else. The old protections which limit the influence of money in government have been undone. Landmark cases which served to limit the amount of money that can be thrown into government. All the money going into the policies system is making the system skewing toward the top. The new rules are allowing different form of monopolies, new property rights, contracts, and bankruptcy.

In A Capitalist Manifesto, Gary Wolfram provides an explanation of how free market systems work in society and highlights their benefits compared to socialist economies. The first chapters of the book are an introduction to microeconomics: how marginal analysis, supply, demand, market equilibrium, opportunity cost, and profits work. According to him there are three fundamental advantages to a market economy: it allocates resources efficiently, consumers determine wages and therefore income distribution is fair, and finally it’s the only method of organizing society that is consistent with individual liberty. He explains that socialism is an economic system that is is unable to provide a decent standard of living for people and that it cannot survive, giving as an example the fall of the Iron Curtain. The reason is that

I believe the market should be one of many different social institutions represents the effort to subject not just real commodities to market principles, but virtually all of what makes social life possible, including clean air and water, education, health care, personal legal and social security, and the right to earn a livelihood. Based on Galbraith’s arguments about how developing countries build capitalism, either by choice or by force (Sackrey et al, 2013, 199),and the war spending, or maintaining of imperial military presence around the world, I argue that U.S. capitalism is an ‘irrational’ system with the following example: The absolute proof for the irrationality of capitalism is the usage fossil fuels include coal, petroleum, and natural gas instead the new geothermal, solar, tidal, wind, waste or other new green technologies to create power and prevent the environmental effects. The rising costs and risks of these fossil fuels are undercutting the security and prosperity they have

She tries to get across the fact that the aerial spraying campaigns to kill the gypsy moth in the northern states and the fire ant in the southern states were very much damaging, ineffective and also expensive. This incident had a chain reaction resulting in crop failure, hurting wildlife and also cattle products (such as milk) and vegetables were found having DDT and thus unhealthy for human consumption.

In Chapter 6, Nature and the Market in the Nineteenth Century, of Carolyn Merchant’s Major Problems in American Environmental History, we as readers are introduced to the relationship between nature and the market during the nineteenth century. This chapter contains essays from other authors that help to depict this relationship and each essay relates to the documents that begin the chapter. Nature and the market have a stark relationship during this time period due to the rise of capitalism that split the old views and the two commodities. All of society had different perspectives on the value of nature depending upon their value of the market. Nature during this era became inferior and dominated by the value of the market.

He had written a book called “The Communist Manifesto” and this book talked about overthrowing capitalism this book is still has a extremely logical and effective book even today

The roots of capitalism’s development can be traced back to the agrarian farming communities that had already developed in the western world. These communities had been experiencing a recent agriculture boom, and Wood says that this gave rise to the producer/appropriator class division. These factors allowed capitalism to begin developing in the countryside. Furthermore, Heilbroner believes that capital essentially

With all this focus on the development of new drugs to combat malaria, an old effective method has been forgotten. The chemical DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) has proven effective in reducing malaria cases. Popularly used as a pesticide in the middle of the twentieth century, killed the mosquito population that was responsible for malaria related deaths. The number of people in India that contracted malaria in the 1940’s was approximately 75 million a year with 800,000 dying as a result. With the introduction of DDT, the number of cases dropped to 50,000 by 1961. Similar cases have been documented in Sri Lanka, where the number of cases dropped in 18 years from 3 million to 29 after the introduction of DDT (“DDT Delirium,” 2002). The difference in numbers is staggering.

On the other hand, capitalism was not always there. It only recently evolved into existence recently. Living things including both plants and animals live in societies or ecosystems. Take for example plants. Plants have

Throughout his essay, Suzuki supports his arguments with specific examples. To justify his reasoning, the author uses the case of DDT, otherwise known as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane. This chemical compound is used as an insecticide to eliminate the population of malaria-carrying mosquitoes, which it did effectively, and saved millions of lives. Unfortunately, due to unforeseen circumstances, complications arose, which led to an increase in chemicals and caused a domino effect of

Oxen and mules kept on plantations also improved Anopheles nutrition while irrigated rice provided the ideal habitat for these mosquitoes. Thus Mc Neill demonstrates a strong link between rice, mosquitoes and malaria (p. 57). In the last part of this book McNeil tries to explain to us how mosquitos tilted the war in the Caribbean by aiding the American natives from foreign invaders with yellow fever and malaria. The author describes that disease played a huge role in British defeat in the south, so much so that it had equal or greater role then the resistance of the colonial forces. Another example of war is when the French occupied the Caribbean and the slaves revolted and lost St. Dominque due to the native immunity to yellow fever. With the start of the 20th century America started to try and find cures to the diseases that mosquitos were infecting people with by studying bacteria and how it works, which in the end boosted the immune system and allowed the body to fight off the bacteria that was contracted by the mosquito. The core value of McNeill’s work is built around these three scenarios that can turn the tide in mosquito born diseases in the Caribbean. He claims that he research in not, “an essay in mosquito determinism, or even environmental determinism” what he is trying to convince the audience in chapters

Magdoff and Foster’s book ‘What Every Environmentalist Needs to Know About Capitalism’ aims to motivate people to start critically thinking of solutions outside of capitalism by means of exploring the role of the capitalist system in causing mass environmental degradation as planetary boundaries are pushed. They seek to explain how another social, economic, and political system is essential for solving the current ecological (and economic crises). The capitalist system is driven by profit and expansion, so no matter how ‘green’ the system can try to become, the environment will not survive its constant exploitation. New technologies and zero-growth economies are not the answer to the environmental destruction, but maybe an

Capitalism, as a system based on the logic of capital, is a unique and logical use of the market, per Marx. As capital constantly flows in circulation, the relationship of M-M1 simulates growth. Capitalism creates, or aims to create, a condition of constant growth in the economy. Profit, as the logical consequence of growth, arises from technological innovation, the productivity of workers, and the effort of capitalists (Marx 8). Capitalism emphasizes the difference between labor and labor power- in which labor power becomes a commodity in high demand in capitalism. Labor power therefore takes on an exchangeable value in circulation in the capitalist cycle. Capitalism sells a laborer’s capacity to work, transforming the meaning of capital in

Capitalism allows small minorities to profit at the expense of others. Private ownership of what are social means of livelihood allows capitalists to make decisions that pass the real costs of industry to communities, workers, future generations and other species (Engler,

Michael Novak once said , " Capitalism must be infused by that humble gift of love called caritas . " While this is a very moving and true concept , this is not the reality we live in . Our modern free enterprise , which derived its structure from the Catholic Church of the eighteenth century , is infused with many things , and love most certainly is not one of them.