Pathophysiology Of Adsulitis

The ice will not only numb some of your pain, but it will also decrease swelling and inflammation in the muscles.

The rotator cuff is a group of 4 muscles, the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and the teres minor. These muscles helps to lift your shoulder up over your head and also rotate it toward and away from your body. Unfortunately, it is also a group of muscles that is frequently injured by tears, tendonitis, impingement, bursitis, and strains. The major muscle that is usually involved is the supraspinatus muscle. Rotator Cuff Injuries are usually broken up into the following categories.

MRI of the right shoulder dated 07/20/2017 revealed a near full-thickness tear of the supraspinatus tendon with a thin portion of the bursal surface intact. There was an associated tendinosis. There was a SLAP tear of the labrum, as well as, the anterior inferior labral tearing with a possible bony or hyaline cartilage injury. There was infraspinatus and subscapularis tendinosis without evidence of a tear, retraction, or atrophy. MRI post arthrography was recommended for further evaluation.

    A shoulder is one of the most complex  joints of the body. The anatomy of the shoulder starts where the humerus fits into the scapula almost as if it were mimicking a ball and socket. The scapula has a little tip of itself overlooking the tendons of the shoulder called the acromion and a bit of itself fanning out, a part called the coracoid. Also connected to the scapula is the clavicle or collarbone. Another very important component to the shoulder is the rotator cuff, this is the most vital part to rotator cuff tendonitis. It is composed of four muscles and of various tendons that surround the shoulder socket that allow it to connect the upper arm and the shoulder blade together.  Protecting the rotator cuff is is a small sac of fluid called a bursa. The humerus fits relatively loosely into the shoulder joint. This gives the shoulder a wide range of motion, but also makes it vulnerable to injury.

Adhesive capsulitis is an increasingly common injury found in sports rehabilitation and exercise medicine. Due to the increase in older athletes adhesive capsulitis is also on the rise. Somewhere between 2% and 3% of the adult population between the ages of 40 and 70 develop the condition at some point in their lives, with it being more common in women (Norris, 2011).

*insert article *attachedBesides being able to see the inside of a shoulder, doctors use different physical tests to evaluate the shoulder in order to determine what type of injury and how severe an injury may be. One such test was recently developed by Dr. Carl J. Basamania at the Womack Army Medical center in Fort Bragg, N.C. The test was developed to evaluate shoulder instability in a patient. During the test the Dr. or examiner stands next to the patient who is to lay flat on his/her back. The hand of the examined should is held firmly by the examiner. The examiner then pushes against the clavicle to stabilize th scapula, while they also gently hold the pectoral muscle with their thumb in order to be able to assess relaxation. The examiner then rotates the arm form neutral to full external rotation. If the patient has AIGHL incompetence there is a lack of tightening as the arm reaches full external rotation. The test has appeared to be highly accurate and may be of value to Dr.'s and surgeons alike. After doctors have determined what type and what degree of injury a patient has sustained using various tests it is on to the next step, rehabilitation.

A shoulder is one of the most complex joints of the body. The anatomy of the shoulder starts where the humerus fits into the scapula almost as if it were mimicking a ball and socket. The scapula has a little tip of itself overlooking the tendons of the shoulder called the acromion and a bit of itself fanning out, a part called the coracoid. Also connected to the scapula is the clavicle or collarbone. Another very important component to the shoulder is the rotator cuff, this is the most vital part to rotator cuff tendonitis. It is composed of four muscles and of various tendons that surround the shoulder socket that allow it to connect the upper arm and the shoulder blade together. Protecting the rotator cuff is is a small sac of fluid called a bursa. The humerus fits relatively loosely into the shoulder joint. This gives the shoulder a wide range of motion, but also makes it vulnerable to injury.

A largest and the most complex joint in our body is a shoulder joint. Shoulder joints form when the humerus bone fits into the scapula thus creates a ball and socket structure. Ligament, muscles, padding, tendons, cartilage are totally comprised by the shoulder joint. When anything goes wrong the total mobility of shoulder becomes painful and discomfort. Some common problems affect shoulders such as Nerve compression, Arthritis, Rotating cuff problem, arthroscopy, and shoulder joint dislocation.

It provides strength and resistance to both torsional and bending forces. The proximal humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the shoulder joint. The muscles and tendons of the rotator cuff, the acromion, and ligamentous attachments between the coracoid process of the scapula and the acromion serve to both stabilize the gleno-humeral joint and provide a wide range of motion of the shoulder joint. The distal humerus articulates with the radius and ulna at the elbow. The greater tuberosity is located on the superior aspect of the humerus just lateral to the humeral head and it provides attachment for three of the rotator cuff muscles supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor. The lesser tuberosity of the humerus is located on the anterior surface of the humerus and provides attachment for the subscapularis muscle. To classify the fractures, the lesser tuberosity marks the boundary between the proximal humerus and the mid-shaft. Humeral shaft is enveloped in the muscles and soft tissue which provide favorable non-operative healing mechanism in uncomplicated fractures. Muscles originating on the humeral shaft include the brachialis, brachioradialis, and the medial and lateral heads of the triceps brachii. The deltoid, pectoralis major, teres major, latissimus dorsi, and coracobrachialis all insert on the humeral shaft. Different location of the fracture along the humeral shaft will have specific deforming forces acting on the fracture fragments. Fractures near the midpoint of the shaft can have proximal fragment pulled laterally by the deltoid, while the distal fragment pulled medially by the triceps and biceps. Fractures near mid-shaft of the humerus are more likely to shorten than proximal or distal fractures due to the strong pull of the biceps and triceps muscles. The blood supply to the humeral shaft

The shoulder girdle is an intricate anatomic structure representation to maximize three-dimensional motion of the hand and opposing thumb, and although the shoulder is often thought of as synonymous with the glenohumeral joint, it is in fact possessed of four separate joints, (acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular, glenohumeral and scapulothoracic), as well as numerous muscles and ligaments that follow synergistically to limit gesture of the upper extremity. Make headway in cross-sectional imaging over the past decade have insurrection imaging of the shoulder girdle, mainly with deem to the soft-tissue structures. Trauma to the shoulder is common. Usually injuries range from a separated shoulder resulting from a fall onto the shoulder

There are many different classifications of joints within the human body and the glenohumeral joint is classified as a ball-and-socket joint which is one of six different synovial joints present in the body. A synovial joint is a joint that contains articular cartilage, joint capsules, and synovial membranes. A ball-and-socket joint is a joint that can be described as a ball that fits into a cup shaped dock allowing motion in all directions. This arrangement allows the bone to employ three different types of movement, angular, rotation, and circumduction. This structure is what allows

Introduction: The glenohumeral joint has the most instability but most range of motion when compared to any other joint in the body. It requires the labrum, ligaments and capsule to maintain stability and function. A glenoid labrum tear disrupts this joint leading to pain and instability (Fitzcharles). Tears in the labrum are common in athletes who use repetitive motions of the shoulder, such as football quarterbacks, baseball pitchers and weightlifters. These tears can sometimes be mistaken as glenohumeral join instability, adhesive capsulitis and shoulder impingement (Painful).

The Acromioclavicular joint (AC joint) is a plane, synovial plane joint (Babhulkar and Pawaskar, 2014). It is located between the lateral end of the clavicle and the medial margin of the acromion process of the scapula (Marieb text book). The AC joint helps maintain the distance between the scapula and the trunk (….). The movement is a gliding joint which functions the shoulder girdle. (….). It can mainly be felt through the lateral position of the scapular spine (…). In addition, the AC joint is a common site of injury, especially athletes involved in a collision and contact sports, for example, Australian football, rugby and Shotput (Babhulkar and Pawaskar, 2014).

of the arm/forearm. When there is flexion at the elbow joint, the angle between the humerus and the

Strapping has the theoretical advantages in reducing glenohumeral subluxation (GHS) and preserving range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder joint. There is different strapping technique that claims to reduce shoulder subluxation at the same time allowing upper arm to move actively and passively. According to Hanger et al. (2000), strapping of the hemiplegic shoulder is used as a method for preventing or reducing shoulder subluxation and may provide a certain level of sensory stimulation. It also stabilise glenohumeral joint, support surrounding musculature and decrease inflammation. Current understandings described that strapping has potential to reduce pain, increase range of motion (Griffin & Bernhart, 2006) and long-terms effects