Pathogenic Fungi Disease

The spread of infection requires three elements. The first is; A source of infecting microorganisms: This could be an exogenous infection which arises from microorganisms external to the individual and do not exist as normal flora. They usually have a preferred portal of entry like the gastrointestinal for Salmonella. Another source is endogenous infections which can occur when part of the client’s flora becomes altered and an overgrowth results e.g. Yeasts infection. Second requirement is means of transmission for the microorganism, which also explains the three primary modes of pathogen transmission. For example, vertical transmission is when a pathogen is

A 20-year old male presented to the hospital with: nausea; diarrhoea and fever. Upon examination he had abdominal pain and a tender liver. The patient admitted to eating wild mushrooms, of which he had collected himself, the afternoon before attending the hospital. Laboratory analysis at the time of admission revealed elevated serum ALT (665 U/L) and AST (880 U/L), increased total bilirubin (4.9mg/dL) and an increased prothrombin time (3.11 seconds). Laboratory tests were repeated six hours later and all levels, except AST, were elevated even further; with ALT and bilirubin doubling in concentration and the prothrombin time also doubling. Albumin concentration was also tested and presented normal at both times. The patient was administered a haemodialysis with N-acetylcysteine.

All human pathogens require moisture to grow, that is why food is preserved by drying, which deprive mico-organisms of moisture.

Infections can be spread through many things, these include; food borne infection, person to person, water borne infection, airborne infection, insect borne infection and fomites.

A decrepit, fungus infested, skeleton-man who’s both tormented and controlled by the reproductive organs of a parasitic fungal infection growing on his face. He hides in dark damp places, usually behind his victim’s toilets, muttering gibberish to himself and occasionally wailing out in bursts of intense pain. His victims mainly include children, who’s blood he ingests, then regurgitates back into the bloodstream imbued with infectious fungal spores. Shortly following infection, the victim may begin to display early flu-like symptoms. After about 4 days, several brown to black pigmented regions begin to appear in large patches on the skin and the flu-like symptoms intensify. At 5-6 days, foxfire may begin to emanate from the patches, along

Fungicides are a class of pesticides that are designed to kill or limit the growth of harmful fungi. "Understanding mechanisms of fungicide action and toxicity is important because humans and domesticated animals encounter these pesticides through a wide variety of applications. In agriculture, fungicides are used to protect tubers, fruits and vegetables during storage or are applied directly to ornamental plants, trees, field crops, cereals and turf grasses" (Hasan 2010: 349). It is very easy to inadvertently and indirectly consume fungicides as a result because of their ubiquitous use, even though many of the components of fungicides can be harmful to human health, animal health and to the environment as a whole.

Microorganisms must either attach to, or penetrate one of bodies surfaces. The site through which a microorganism enters the body is called the route of entry. The skin acts as a protective barrier, in order to cause infection the microorganism must break through the protective barrier. they either do this through a natural opening such as the mouth ,nose, ears, eyes, urethra, rectum or vagina, or enter through a unnatural break in the skins surface such as cuts and grazes, bites or scratches. They can also occur through a surgical wound caused by a operation. Also conditions such as psoriasis or eczema cause breaks in the skin which microorganisms can enter.

Describe and explain 3 factors relevant to a microbe that can contribute to the spread of an epidemic of an infectious disease.

Mold growth and mildew are intensified during the winter months, especially in Virginia. As the weather gets cooler and wetter, homeowners tend to lock down their homes to keep warm air inside; and if a home has energy efficient treatments, it becomes tightly sealed and insulated. Well-insulated homes are great because they prevent cold air from entering and heat from escaping, but they can also trap moisture and increase humidity levels. Without a circulation of fresh air, airborne spores can increase the likelihood of mold and mildew stains in your home. As mold grows, it compromises the strength and integrity of your structure.

enzymes are released to destroy foreign microbes and irritants such as cigarette smoke, air pollution,

albicans grows out of control. Candida is naturally found in our gut and although it is a parasite and

Athlete's foot (tinea pedis) is a fungal infection of the skin on the feet. It often occurs on the skin between the toes or underneath the toes. It can also occur on the soles of the feet. The infection can spread from person to person (contagious).

Pathogens are everywhere. They are in people, animals, and the environment. Pathogens come in a wide variety. The types are fungal, bacterial, viral, and other parasites. All pathogens can be dangerous, but two of them are more dangerous. These two types that more dangerous are fungal and bacterial. While both fungal and bacterial pathogens cause illness, they differ in the way they are transmitted, the way they are treated, and the diseases they cause.

Parasites are organisms which live in close association to a host organism, the relationship is non-mutualistic, in which the parasite benefits and the host incurs costs. (Roberts & Janovy, 2008) The costs range from a visible form of reduced fecundity or survival, but also more subtly such as reduced attractiveness, leading to reduced mating success (Ebert, 2005).

Fungal nail infections (onychomycosis) is a disease in which fungi cause damage and deterioration of the nail. Usually, the disease occurs on the side parts of the nail, as well as on the free edge and leads to discoloration of the nail, which becomes thicker, and yellow and begins to pull away from the nail bed. Gradually, the fungal infection spreads and covers a larger part of the nail. In some cases, fungal infections of the nail can be painful, especially when walking.