Parental Anxiety

Wang, F., Cox, M. J., Mills-Koonce, R., & Snyder, P. (2015). Parental Behaviors and Beliefs, Child Temperament, and Attachment Disorganization. Family Relations, 64(2),

Ainsworth also interviewed the mother in order to learn more about her parenting style as well as her experiences growing up with her own mother. She came to the conclusion that three types of children exist—those who are secure in their relationship with their parents, those who are anxious-resistant, and those who are anxious-avoidant. She demonstrated that the infants began to convey "consistently different patterns of distress" (on separation) and protest (upon reunion with their mothers (Shaw, 414). Similarly, the mothers displayed "very consistent patterns of interactions" with their infants while free playing during the laboratory introduction sequence, as well as patterns of comforting the infant on reunion (Shaw, 414). Ainsworth correlated these patterns with infant-parent interactions in the home during the first year of life. For example, children who appeared secure in the strange situation typically had parents who were responsive to their needs while the insecure children often had parents who were insensitive or inconsistent in the care they provided (Fraley, 2).

attachment parent in times of distress (Main, & Cassidy, 1988). The avoidant type of infant resist

However, for two studies conducted by Briggs-Gowan., Carter, & Schwab-Stone (1996) and Sawyer, Streiner, and Baghurst (1998), the poor inter-rater reliability could prove either one of their hypothesis right. Briggs-Gowan et al.’s (1996) study was aiming to find out possible associations between maternal depressive and anxiety symptoms and the tendency to report discrepancies on the children’s psychopathology symptoms comparing to children and teachers report. Whereas, Sawyer et al. (1998) were hoping to extend Fergusson et al.’s (1993) study by proving that there was only a small effect on both parents’ distress with the reports of children’s behavior.

One psychosocial factor is the family’s socioeconomic status. Socioeconomic statuses has been researched to be on of the most influential factors in rather or not a family will succeed or face challenges, it can be a determinant in the development of mental health, physical health, and emotional health. A parent’s educational level, their occupation, and income could place the family in either a beneficial or hindering situation, in return, affecting the way a parent could establish attachment with their child. For example, a single parent raising their child and having to manage two jobs, could result in limited attachment to their parent or primary caregiver. Parental stress and their adverse childhood experiences is another psychosocial factor which can determine a child’s

Meites, Ingram, and Siegle (2012) found lower scores for maternal caring were associated with negative self-beliefs, negative interpersonal interactions, feeling fatigue, and generalized fearfulness while lower scores for paternal caring were related to negative interactions with others. From Elis’ passion to her job there was very little time to be a supportive, loving mother to Meredith. While growing up Meredith spent most of her childhood years waiting in daycare for her mother’s shift to be over. Later as Meredith grow she continued to be very independent but turned to partying and drinking for support. Also another parental issue Meredith faced was the abandonment issues that link to her commitment issues from her father leaving the family.

Association Between Insecure Parental Attachment and Depression: Adolescence and Young Adults with and without Siblings

Attachment disruptions occur with adults in relationships, however, they can have roots in childhood experiences. Attachment is vital to social and emotional growth in early developmental years (Zeanah & Smyke, 2008). Attachment disorders were a part of the third Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III; American Psychiatric Association, 1980). Reactive Attachment Disorder with two subtypes, RAD and disinhibited social engagement disorder is still included in the DSM V (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). An increased risk for anxiety disorders, substance abuse and personality disorders has been demonstrated for children exhibiting insecure attachments, primarily

The researchers (Reising, et al., 2013) demonstrated parents who suffered from depression as well as financial hardship did not have a great relationship with their children impacting their psychopathology internally and externally. Thus (Reising, et al., 2013) revealed there are countless children living in the United States surrounded by triggers that may direct them to apprehension, for instance, parents who have suffered or are still suffering from compulsive dejection, financial economic hardship, and parents who are neglectful are a few characteristics that can and may influence children and adolescent to stress leading them to behave in a manner that is not aligned with their community. The following research article are in accordance with the previous literature review relating to parental stress and depression does have an influence on children’s behavior:

Next on the continuum of attachment styles, the insecure-anxious-ambivalent child displays an extreme reaction of distress to their caregiver’s departure and a slight inclination to explore. (Connors, 2011) Upon the return of their parent or caregiver, this child is not comforted and physically resists contact. Noted by Ainsworth in her “Strange Situation”, this child’s “interactive behaviors are relatively lacking in active initiation” (Ainsworth et al., 1978), meaning the child, seeking validation, might respond to the return of their parent but this generally includes emotional outbursts instead of taking an active approach to their parent. The insecure-avoidant pattern of attachment displays an infant who lacks a secure base and fails to respond to both the departure and return of their primary caregiver. (Ainsworth et al., 1978), Further, the “Strange Situation” displayed this child as turning away or “squirming” when contact was reestablished between child and caregiver (Connors, 2011). Finally, the later addition of the attachment pattern insecure-disorganized explains children who demonstrate a mixture of attachment behaviors. This child often responds to their caregiver with opposing actions, such as approach-avoidance, and displays a degree of fear associated with that caregiver; it is theorized that there is a direct correlation between abused children and this particular

The concept of infant-mother attachment is as important to the child as the birth itself. The effect this relationship has on a child shall affect that child for its entire life. A secure attachment to the mother or a primary caregiver is imperative for a child’s development. Ainsworth’s study shows that a mother is responsive to her infant’s behavioral cues which will develop into a strong infant-mother attachment. This will result in a child who can easily, without stress, be separated from his mother and without any anxiety. Of course the study shows a child with a weak infant-mother relationship will lead to mistrust, anxiety, and will never really be that close with the mother. Without the

School introduces many challenges to children which can include, a requirement for more independence, demands on their compliance, forming new relationships, adjustment to a new environment and formal learning. This discussion will consider an article by Liz Bayram (2014), based on research about parent’s anxiety about their children starting school. The article discusses how well prepared children are for school, including how independent they are and their communication and social abilities at this stage. Bayram argues that more needs to be done by schools to help parents and children prepare for school, with 1 in 4 parents saying there is little information. Additionally, the article argues the importance of children’s social, emotional and communication skills, and that regular early communication between schools and parents could help families prepare for these skills which are vital to children’s development in school. In addition, it emphasises the importance of early year childcare providers and states that the reception year is important for helping children to prepare for and adjust to formal schooling. The essay will build upon these claims by investigating the challenges children face at school and whether some are equipped to cope better than others, based on their previous experiences. The main themes of discussion will focus on children’s social, emotional and communication development in middle childhood and school, and how these may affect their capacity to

Anxiety is a common reaction in the human body. So becoming a little scared when watching a movie, or beginning to become nervous right before a test, or maybe even a little shy talking to your crush is completely normal. It starts to become a problem when anxiety takes control and cuts out important things in our life. Children with anxiety might start to feel more often than usual fear, nervousness, shyness, and often will try to avoid social events. Anxiety is a normal part of childhood, and usually the child is just going through a phase and will grow out of it. But when it continuously keeps recurring it begins to become a problem. There are a multitude of anxiety disorder ranging from General Anxiety Disorder(G.A.D), Panic Disorder, Social

This is an article that specifically looks at anxiety in the school setting for adolescents. This article starts off with a story of a girl named Samantha. Samantha is a fourteen year old student that has test taking anxiety. She feels sweaty and would see the nurse daily because of her anxiousness. The article talks about the case of Samantha being common with many students in school. The article then goes into the different characteristics such as worry. Anxiety can manifest in three different ways: behaviorally, physiologically, and cognitively. Many different behaviors that children exhibit because of anxiety are reflected their attempts to control their anxiety. When discussing anxiety, there are different causes of anxiety and

One of the world’s greatest problems is overpopulation, this has been going on in tons of countries including India, the worst of them all. It has been happening in India for many years and if it continues to go up at this rate it will become a very bad situation for everyone living there and will become a world problem. It is one of the biggest problems that needs to be stopped for the sake of so many lives. Many attempts have been tried, but none of them successful enough.