Paraganglioma Case Study

Naylor J. May 1994. Equine hyperkalemic periodic paralysis: review and implications. Can Vet J. 35. 279-285.

Chordomas are cancerous tumors that occur anywhere on the spine. They grow slowly and can metastasize to other areas of the body. Other names for this disorder include CHDM, chordocarcinoma, chordoepithelioma, notochordal sarcoma, and notochordoma. Chordomas are rare and most often occur in people ages 40 to 70. Males are affected twice as often as females. About half of all chordoma cases appear at the base of the spine, while about a third occur at the base of the skull, and the rest appear in the kneck, upper back, or lower back vertebrae of the spine. Chordomas in the spine can cause the back, arms, or legs of the affected individual to feal weak or numb. Chordomas occurring at the base of the skull can cause double vision or headaches. Chordomas on the tailbone result in a large lump and can affect the function of the bladder or bowel..

The majority of sympathetic paragangliomas arise outside of the skull base and neck anywhere along the sympathetic chain (8). About 75 percent arise in the abdomen, most often at the junction of the inferior vena cava and left renal vein and about 10 percent arise in the thorax (9, 10). They excrete excess amounts of catecholamine (86 percent in one series) (7), usually almost always

After removal of organs, a presence of a blunt lesion hematoma type (2.0 cm x 1.5 cm) was detected in the lumbar region between L5 and L7 (Figure 1D). Organs analysis revealed the presence of severe pallor in the liver and kidneys. Other organs and structures without findings worthy of note.

The tumor doesn’t have a specific location of origin; therefore occurring anywhere in the body, most often staring in long bones of the legs, arms, chest, the pelvis, skull or the flat bones of the trunk. It is also common that the tumor often spreads (metastasizes) to the lungs, other bones, bone marrow, and soft tissue, such as cartilages and nerves. It is normally seen that about one-third of the children with Ewing’s sarcoma has spread through the body during the duration of the diagnosis.

The Federal Reserve System is the most powerful institution in the United States economy. Functioning as the central bank of the United States, acting as a regulator, the lender of last resort, and setting the nation’s monetary policy via the Federal Open Market Committee, there is no segment of the American economy unaffected by the Federal Reserve [endnoteRef:1]. This power becomes even more substantial in times of “unusual and exigent circumstances,” as Section 13(3) of the Federal Reserve Act gives authority to the Board of Governors to act unilaterally in lending and market making operations during financial crisis[endnoteRef:2]. As illustrated by their decision making in the aftermath of the 2007-2008 Great Recession,

Castleman 's disease is a rare condition characterized by benign, non-cancerous, growths that develop in the lymph node tissue throughout the body. With the exception of the central nervous system (CNS), lymph nodes may be found in every area of the body. Most often, these growths occur in the chest, stomach, and/or neck, but may also be found in the armpit, pelvis, and pancreas. Usually the tumors represent abnormal enlargement of the lymph nodes normally found in these areas (About Castleman Disease). The abnormal overgrowth of cells of the lymph system is similar in many ways to lymphomas, which is cancer of lymph nodes (Weerakkody, Y).

roundish balls. In reality, they are much more than that. Those 40 cells contain all the

In horses, there are many types of colic. Colic is related to many different illnesses and can be a symptom of a variety of diseases. The gastro-intestinal tract is where the pain originates, usually due to microflora, bacteria, microscopic algae, and fungi ("My Horse University.”). The most common types of colic are stomach, displacement, impaction, gas, spasmodic, and enteritis. The large and small intestines are a major problem area when it comes to horse colic. If the

There were many tiny cells, but they were very hard to see. The cells were dark and clumped together.

Cutaneous neoplasms is a neoplastic tumour, mainly affects skin of most animals including horses and represented 50% of equine clinical reported neoplasms (Scott and Miller 2011; Buechner-Maxwell 2009 Thomas et al 1997 , Zachary and McGavin 2012 ). Usually neoplasms can affect either the ectoderm ,mesoderm and melanocytic (Zachary and McGavin 2012 ). Most of the ectodermal neoplasms of the epidermis and adnexa are benign, exception the neoplasms of apocrine glands of sweat glands and anal sac, also the surface epithelium neoplasia (squamous cell carcinoma) (Jones et al. 1997 ; Zachary and McGavin 2012). Equine cutaneous neoplasms are largely mesenchymal in origin and benign in nature and usually associated with Saddle horses (a composite

They grew to the size of a small apple or an egg, more or less, and were vulgarly called tumours. In a short space of time these tumours spread from the two parts named all over the body. Soon after this the symptoms changed and black or purple spots appeared on the arms or thighs or any other part of the body, sometimes a few large ones, sometimes many little ones. These spots were a certain sign of death, just as the original tumour had been and still remained.” (Boccaccio, 1353)

The definition of social determinant of health defined as a condition one are born, live, work or grow in. These factors are shaped by the distribution of money, and resources at global, national, and local level. So with that I do believe that access to health care is a social determinant of health. Even with all the new advance technology and medication that make our lives healthier, or live a longer life, many women who do not receive healthcare because of their lack of education, employment, or other factors that lead them to be uninsured. President Obama new Affordable Care Act will help the uninsured get insurance. The only down fall from the Affordable Care Act is that it will take between now until 2020 to take full effect. With no

Colic is one of the most common ailments experienced by horses and is more common in horses than any other animal. It is more common at night and is often connected with irregular feeding. This is because of the horses’ inability to vomit and unload the stomach, the small size of the stomach and the great length of the intestines, puckering of the large intestine allowing food to lodge there, the range of movement the large intestine has within the abdomen and finally, the frequency a horse is affected with internal parasites. Colic can be fatal so it is vitally important that a vet should be called if colic is suspected. Colic is a set of symptoms pointing to severe abdominal pain. True colic relates to conditions arising in the intestines

TV talk shows have become a significant part of American television. As a talk show viewer, one can see the various styles and content the talk show host presents. Two hosts who have become very successful with there talk shows are Oprah Winfrey and Ellen DeGeneres. Ellen and Oprah have similarities and differences, they differ in life stories and their talk show theme and style are different, but both are great talk show host and inspiring women. Ellen and Oprah have lived different life styles.