In this paper I am going to analyze intelligent design as an alternative to evolution, examining each theory’s strengths and weaknesses. I will focus on the watchmaker analogy as an argument for intelligent design, as it was conceived by William Paley. Next, I will present Hume's Dialogues in an argument discussing the watchmaker analogy. I will then present a final argument from design of my own, an answer to Epicurus’ question - an omnipotent anthropomorphic god is not necessarily what is shown in this case, and what can be shown is far stranger indeed.
Paley’s argument for intelligent design works off of an inference of a creator from the creation. Paley, when looking at living organisms, saw an apparent organization of parts, or a design.
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My instant reaction to Paley is to question his immediate throwing away of the rock - to Cleanthes, the rock and the watch seem to exhibit the same type of order, while Paley seems to have no problem dismissing the rock as “[having] lain there forever” (Design Argument, 12). What I mean to illustrate is that the type of design exhibited in a snow-angel and a snowflake seem to be the same for Cleanthes. The snowflake was created seemingly out of nature, in order with principles that also seem to come from nature itself. The snow-angel was created by a human. This is, I take it, where Cleanthes formulates the argument of anthropomorphism. Since both effects resemble each other, to too should their causes, and since a human created the snow-angel, whatever created the snowflake must have some aspect of humanity to it (Design Argument, 13).
To take stock here, though, is to show that Cleanthes argument stops short of exactly what it wants to prove, i.e. intelligent design. Cleanthes argument will show that there is some human-like designer, but that is all. Any further inferences as to the designer’s qualities are auxiliary to the main hypothesis. Such auxiliary claims as the designer is god, or that the designer is omnipotent, or even that there is only one designer are all secondary
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Adaptive patterns such as wings can also come about through entirely different means or processes, in a process called convergent evolution. We can see this when we look at the differences between bat and bird wings. The reason this can happen then, is because of variation, the first basic feature of evolutionary theory. We can see the amount of variation between and within populations - differences that can be passed on, specifically, so they must be heritable variations, if they are to matter to evolution. For example, an animal may mutate and grow wings, but as a result of mutation become infertile. Even though this is an adaptive change mechanically, on the scale of evolution it is not, because the animal won’t be able to pass on it’s variation, and so will die
Paley's Argument For Intelligent Design and Its Criticisms Paley's teleological argument defends the idea of the existence of god through the idea of consistent and orderly design. Paley uses an example of finding a rock on the ground and then finding a watch. He argues that finding the watch, with all of its perfectly fit working parts, suggests an intelligent creator.In his argument, the watch is employed as an analogy for the universe. He states that the universe and all of its working complexities
Intelligent by Design Written by Alexander Staggs-Vargas One of the most prominent philosophical arguments that remains today is the debate on the existence of God or an Intelligent Designer. This debate dates back a time of many Gods and deities during the era of Socrates, Plato and their students, including Aristotle. This discussion will focus on the differing works of authors William Paley and David Hume and I will argue that there is an Intelligent Designer for our universe. William Paley
In Paley’s “Teleological Argument”, he argues that just like an object in the world has an intelligent designer behind it, the universe most have an intelligent designer as well. This created must had been God. That there’s a “designer force” and that “designer force” is God. He argue that the supernatural force created the way we act today, that the supernatural force( god) organized the way the universe works, which makes an intelligent design( Paley 53). I believe that anything that seems design
4a. Explain Paley's argument for the existence of God (25) William Paley's argument for the existence of God is an important aspect of the Design argument, which argues that the universe is being directed towards an end purpose due to the a posteriori (subject to experience) evidence of an intelligent designer, who is God. This is because it is perhaps arguably the most famous version, and the theory which modern-day theories for the Design argument are built upon. The first version of the
examine the argument put forward by William Paley in 1802, in his Natural Theology. Paley offers an argument from design that purports to show a clear and distinct reason why one should hold a belief in God, due to the inherent features of the world. It is attempted in this paper to firstly: show that the argument should be rejected on the grounds of lacking a rationally flowing set of premises and conclusions; and secondly: that the criticisms made by David Hume concerning the argument hold more
The design arguments for the existence of God center on the principle that an intelligent designer, in this case God, has crafted our world so that each item has a purpose and significant meaning. Additionally, the world is a complex and sometimes enigmatic system of elements which work together to sustain life in a way that some argue is unlikely to have occurred by pure chance alone. Therefore, some philosophers credit a divine being as the source of this order and purpose in the universe. Furthermore
A watch embodies all appearances of intelligent design. It has purpose, a certain disposition or instruction. It is a complex object; all parts are needed for it to fulfil its purpose and we could not substitute any of these parts. It is made of a specific set of materials; we do not find smelted gold or blown glass naturally occurring in nature. The watch also has a regular motion. All these properties and dispositions a watch personifies show it is a creation and not just a naturally occurring
This is the second argument about God’s existence. Perhaps the most popular variant owed to this this argument is William Paley’s argument concerning the watch. Essentially, this argument states that after observing a watch, together with its intricate parts, which function together as a unit in an accurate manner to keep time, anybody must realize that such piece of machinery has its creator, as it is too complicated to have easily come into presence through other means, like evolution (Ratzsch
Does Paley’s design argument necessarily prove the existence of God conceived as a supremely perfect being? Why or why not? Consider Dawkin’s and Hume’s criticisms of the argument. How does Aquinas’ fifth cosmological argument differ from the eighteenth-century deistic version of Paley? Does it succeed against Dawkins? Why or why not? a) Whether or not Paley’s design argument necessarily proves the existence of God conceived as a supremely perfect being. William Paley’s design argument necessarily
The design argument is an argument widely known for the existence of God. The purpose of this argument is to state that life requires a designer, just as a watch requires a watchmaker. Where did the order and design in nature come from? The design argument proves there must be a designer in life due to the beauty, complexity, order, and purpose that the universe and the entities exhibit. Flower and other plants appear the way they do due because someone was responsible for that design. It is not
Perhaps one of the most influential design argument for the existence of God was postulated by Christian William Paley. Paley argued in his Natural Theology, that the complex and precise design of organisms and their parts could be accounted for only as the “deed” of an Intelligent and Omnipotent “Designer.” The design of organisms, he claimed, was undeniable evidence of the existence of a “higher” being. Around the same time the stages were being set for the rise of Copernican and Darwinian revolutions
called the “teleological” argument defending the belief held by and doubted by many in both present and past societies; the existence of God. Before continuing this paper, it is important that I write out the definition of teleological in comparison to a typical argument. A normal argument would come to the conclusion based on causation and effects that follow. The Greek word telos is a philosophical word that translates in English to “final cause”. This means that Paley’s argument is pointing out the
Ultimately, Paley’s argument uses an inductive argument to suggest that all things with properties of intelligence and complexity must have an intelligent designer who designs them for a specific purpose. When evaluating Paley’s design argument, it is evident that it has its flaws. From the inductive argument presented, objections can be made in the first premise by claiming that not all processes have a clear purpose. For instance, when natural disasters such as earthquakes and tornadoes occur
Graham-Singh Based on my interpretation of William Paley’s The Argument from Design, it sounds as though Darwin’s objection to the argument is invalid from the start. Darwin’s objection says that there doesn’t necessarily need to be a designer, creation could happen by chance through evolution or mutation. While the latter part of his argument is completely valid; things can be created through evolution and mutation, the problem with his argument is that there would still have to be a reason that
focuses on the design argument because of the characters (120). The three characters Cleanthes, Demea and Philo differ in their arguments for existence of God. Humes allowed Cleanthes to begin forth the “debate with Demea and critic Philo does most of the serious arguments” (120). In my opinion, Cleanthes argued from the analogy and the interpretation makes it clear that was concerned about the whole universe (120). First, Cleanthes presented some aspects of the argument similar to Paley’s design’s argument