From Equivocation to Overconfidence
Natalie Nguyen
ENG3U1
Dr.Piccinini
April 6, 2014 From Equivocation to Overconfidence
To avoid telling the truth, be it for our sake or for another’s, we take on the role of equivocators. To equivocate means to use words ambiguously in order to avoid telling the truth without necessarily telling a lie. In Shakespeare’s play Macbeth, the method of ambiguity to avoid telling the truth is used by the witches with the final three prophecies to make their plan to make Macbeth overconfident succeed. Macbeth becoming overconfident is important because his overconfidence restores natural order in the end. To prove that the witches’ plan did succeed, I will be analyzing quotations from the play Macbeth that exhibit Macbeth’s dependency on the witches, Macbeth’s own interpretations and Macbeth’s resulting overconfidence. After the banquet, Macbeth speaks to Lady Macbeth
…show more content…
Speaking with his wife after the guests had left the banquet, Macbeth said, “I will tomorrow, (and betimes I will) to the Weird Sisters. More shall they speak, for now I am bent to know, by worst means the worst” (Shakespeare, 1997, p.67). Macbeth shows his determination to visit the witches. His need to visit the witches correlates to how Macbeth feels about being king. In Macbeth’s soliloquy before speaking to the murderers, he mentions that to be king means nothing if he is not safe as king. Macbeth feels paranoid for disrupting natural order and is constantly troubled by his anxiety to the point where he cannot sleep. Knowing that the witches can predict the future, Macbeth relies on them to bring him some assurance of his future. Since Macbeth relied on the witches to such an extent, Macbeth was led into the very trap that the witches had laid out for him with their double-sided
At this point in the novel Macbeth is using the witches as a guideline to his life. The apparition that he cannot be harmed by anyone born of woman creates a false sense of security within himself. Even at this point, Macbeth still has a choice of whether or not to believe the witches. The weird sisters have not put any spell on him; they have just filled his greedy mind with a sense of security and power for kingship.
Macbeth’s letter to his wife has all the information about the witches, and his thoughts about killing Duncan. This shows how much he loves her, and trusts her, because he has not been able to tell anyone else about this. In his letter, he calls Lady Macbeth “my dearest partner of greatness” which shows that he thinks very fondly of her. “All who hailed me thane of Cawdor, by which titles these weird sisters saluted me” tell us that Macbeth is suspicious of the witches, and he wants to know more about what they have told him, because he thinks that they are true. Macbeth goes on to say “Might be the be all – and the end – all here” which means that he wants all of this to end, and he doesn’t really want to do any harm, even though he knows he probably will. At this stage Macbeth has not become a heartless murderer, and this letter shows that he clearly still has a
Let’s examine Macbeth first. The playwright Macbeth begins with Macbeth, who is thane of Glamis and Banquo being introduced to the Weird Sisters after a victorious battle. The Weird Sisters or otherwise known as the Three Witches. The Three Witches convince Macbeth that he had a great destiny awaiting him. “ All hail, Macbeth! that shalt be king hereafter.” (Shakespeare, Act 1, scene 3, line 53) Once Lady Macbeth hears of what the Witches have foretold her scheme starts brewing. She has one goal in mind and will do everything in her power to influence Macbeth to carry out her plans.Macbeth believes what these witches have “prophesied” so much that he is willing to get it at any cost.
The tragedy Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare, follows the rise and fall of a loyal Scottish warrior. Macbeth is portrayed as a man of multiple sides, presenting three main traits – bravery, ambition, and self-doubt – throughout the play. The character is an example of how ambition and guilt can have terrible effects on an individual lacking in strength of character. Although some people may perceive Macbeth as malicious, his weak character shows that he is incapable of conquering guilt and self-doubt. The prime themes of the play are: ambition, loyalty and betrayal, good and evil, appearance versus reality, supernatural and fate. Shakespeare presents these themes through the actions of Macbeth and their results: the corrupting effects
Throughout the play “Macbeth” Shakespeare uses multiple examples of strong diction, paradox, metaphors, and imagery to demonstrate the theme that fate is inevitable. These examples also help emphasize that the witches are in control of Macbeth's severe and hostile actions throughout the tragic play. Without the witches prophecies the idea of murder would have never crossed Macbeth’s mind. After the witches informed Macbeth that he would soon become king he was willed to do anything to make sure this bizarre prophecy would come true.
Eventually, Lady Macbeth calls for the guests to leave, seeing as her husband has sunk into utter madness and, in her own words, “displaced the mirth, broke the good meeting/ with most admired disorder.” (3.4. 132-133) Macbeth is now clearly losing his mind due to guilt and yet still plans to go see the witches again. “I will tomorrow/ (And betimes I will) to the Weird Sisters/ More shall they speak, for now I am bent to know/ by the worst means the worst.” (3.4.164-166) He is still being driven by his ambition despite his collapse into insanity.
In William Shakespeare 's play, Macbeth, the theme of ambiguity and equivocation stands our quite clearly. The Oxford definition of equivocation is: use of ambiguity to conceal the truth '. Macbeth 's voluntary misinterpretation of the ambiguity and equivocation of the witches relates to the play 's theme. After the first of the witches ' prophecies comes true, Macbeth begins to believe in their truth. However, he also believes that the prophecies must all lead to his enrichment and empowerment. The use of equivocation in Macbeth also incorporates a sub-theme of appearance versus reality and the powers of evil. In the end, he twists the witches ' words to fit his own purposes, ignoring the possibility that the prophecies might have
In Macbeth, Shakespeare uses the theme of equivocation to effectively illustrate the evil nature of the witches. Equivocation is the use of ambiguous expressions in order to mislead. The prophecies of the witches play a mischief in this play, as they are a form of deception that at times use vague language to dodge an issue. The three influential prophecies, which the witches make in this play, are that the protagonist Macbeth will become the king of Scotland, Banquo will be the father of the king of Scotland, and Macbeth will not be killed until the Birnam wood moves to Dunsinane hill. The sources of these prophecies are the witches who put together the devious words into Macbeth 's mind, which demonstrates
But the witches who could supposedly foretell the future, add temptation, and influence Macbeth. They had told Macbeth that he would be King he became impatient and tried to hurry it as quickly as he could. But they cannot control his destiny. Macbeth creates his own misery when he is driven by his own sense of guilt. This causes him to become insecure as to the reasons for his actions, which in turn causes him to commit more murders. The witches offer great enticement, but it is in the end, each individual’s decision to fall for the temptation, or to be strong enough to resist their captivation. The three Witches are only responsible for the introduction of these ideas and for further forming ideas in Macbeth head, but they are not responsible for his actions throughout the play.
When he hears the Doctor’s medical opinion of his wife, Macbeth sarcastically asks the doctor; “What purgative drug / Would scour these English hence? Hear'st thou of them?” (5, 3, 55-56). Also when he learns that his wife has committed suicide, he does not grief for Lady Macbeth because he is unable to express his feelings. Before she dies, she cries out; “Here's the smell of the blood still. All the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten / this little hand…” (5, 1, 48-49). His mind is engaged with the witches promise and therefore hopes that this will protect him.
In the play “Macbeth”, William Shakespeare uses belief in the existence and power of witches to create and influence the audience’s understanding of the play. Our initial impression of Macbeth is one of a brave and capable warrior, however once we see his interaction with the three “evil sisters” (Shakespeare, 1996) we realises that his physical audacity is coupled by an intense amount of ambition and self doubt. It is believed that the witches are the motive behind this ambition which eventually leads to his tragedy, however strong diverging arguments are in existence. The intensity of Macbeth’s tragedy is dependent on whether or not the witches are “professed to be able to control the naïve, innocent Macbeth” or whether he is to blame
Macbeth informs his wife Lady Macbeth of the previous events through a letter. She is ecstatic when realising one of the predictions from the witches has already come true. She sets her mind on obtaining the throne for her husband by any means necessary. Lady Macbeth also has a strong desire for power but can only gain this through her husband. She becomes the driving force behind the wicked deed of murdering the King. She summons upon evil spirits to make sure nothing will stand in the way of her plan:
The witches cannot be blamed, nor Lady Macbeth, for Macbeth himself acting on his ambition and making his desires become reality. When the witches tell Macbeth of his future, his first thought is how murdering Duncan would be "fantastical". This shows that Macbeth is prepared to kill simply to climb the hierarchy. Although the witches give predictions and Lady Macbeth persuades him, neither have actual control over Macbeth. He recognises that he is "so far" in blood but instead of changing his ways, he decides that it would be "tedious" and pointless. He realises after killing many people, he can never go back to the man he was before. His ambition continues to drive him forward and he embraces evil. Macbeth chooses not to tell his wife about his plans and slowly begins to cut off connection to her. Even when she dies, he shows little remorse by saying "she should have died hereafter". This demonstrates that he has little human emotion left. By the end of the play, Macbeth has fallen from a hero to a
William Shakespeare uses the uncertainty and ambiguity that accompanies the theme of equivocation to make the reader not know what to expect. Equivocation is used to showcase the tragic hero fall that Macbeth experiences. Without the use of equivocation, the story would be more predictable
The Witches’ predictions lead Macbeth from the path of heroism to the one of a villain. If Macbeth hadn't believed them he might not have gone on a rampage and done all he monstrous things he did. Shakespeare wants to show what happens when a hero goes crazy and becomes a villain Shakespeare uses The Witches to influence Macbeth and to lead him down this path of craziness. The Witches can foresee the future, such as when they greet Macbeth with the tittle In this moment The Witches greet Macbeth with his past, present, and future titles. Macbeth is amazed to hear that they know his name when he does not know of them. This could appear as a mere coincidence but Macbeth believes them to be supernatural as this image is enforced by their haggard appearance. At the moment Macbeth does not know he is the current Thane of Cawdor but when he finds out that the Weird Sisters predictions are true he starts to think of power and when he will become king. Shakespeare is making his character Macbeth think of becoming king so much whereas it begins to consume his thoughts and cloud his judgment, by doing this Shakespeare is already one step closer into turning Macbeth into a villain.