Organic Molecules Lab Report

1. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen make up carbohydrates. Small carbs contain twice as many hydrogen atoms as oxygen atoms; simple sugars, called monosaccharides, are the basic building blocks for

A polysaccharide is when a numerous amounts of monosaccharides are joined together forming a molecule. Both glycogen and starch are polysaccharides. Glycogen is a energy storage carbohydrate found in animals. Glycogen in comparison to starch is much more highly branched. Starch is a polysaccharide that functions as a energy carbohydrate store in plants. This can be found mostly in potatoes and cereals. It is formed by the bonding together of many of glucose subunits into long chains. The actions of hydrolysis is the chemical breakdown of a compound due to the reaction of water. In order for hydrolysis to occur water must be added to the compound

The chemistry of life is Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon and Nitrogen combined in the right way. Combination of just the right ingredients and just the right amount. These fundamental ingredient of life. Carbon is the main ingredient. Carbon is everywhere. Carbon is very flexible and can be combined with many other. Amino acids used energy and became peptides, and which can link together to form proteins. From non-living to living

Experiment 3 - Chromatography – Analyzing Analgesics by TLC and Isolation of β–Carotene by Column Chromatography

All living things contain some form of organic macromolecules including: Lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and nucleic acids. All of these organic molecules are alike in the sense that is they are made up of bonded elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and to smaller quantities nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur. The macromolecules each contain large long chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms and often consists of repeating smaller molecules bonded together in a repeating pattern (polymers). To test whether a specific solid white substance is a protein is simple due to the unique chains found in the respective type of macromolecule. To test if the substance is a carbohydrate, two tests could be performed on separate samples of the object. First,

Abstract: One mixture of two unknown liquid compounds and one mixture of two unknown solid compounds were separated, isolated, purified, and characterized by boiling point. Two liquid unknowns were separated, isolated, and purified via simple distillation. Then, the process of an acid-base extraction and washing were used to separate two unknown compounds into two crude compounds: an organic acid and a neutral organic compound. Each crude compound was purified by recrystallization, resulting in a carboxylic acid (RCO2H) and a pure organic compound (RZ). The resulting mass of the pure carboxylic acid was 1.688g with a percent recovery of 31.80%, the boiling range was 244-245 °C, and its density was 2.0879g/mL. The resulting mass of the pure organic solid was 2.4902g with a percent recovery of 46.91%, the boiling range was 52.0-53.4°C, and its density was 1.5956 g/mL.

This section will dealt with the main organic molecules in living things: carbohydrates, fats ( lipids ), proteins and nucleic acids.

Dispense .5 mL water into the already weighed conical vial, replace cap and face insert on its down side.

In this lab, we will use simple indicators to test for the presence of organic molecules. This will be done by using different compounds, indicator solutions. These indicator solutions include Benedict’s solution, Biuret’s solution, Ninhydrin, Iodine, and Amylase. Benedict’s solution is used to detect the presence of sugars, whether they are a monosaccharide or disaccharide. The resting substance is a blue color until it reacts, turning either a yellow, orange, red, or green color, indicating it’s result. It’s reaction itself can take up to ten minutes, as stated by the procedure sheet, although ours would be sped up by the hot water (catalyst). Biuret’s solution is used to determine the presence of protein or peptide (amino acid chain) in

Those four macromolecules are fundamental for living, but for this lab we will be focusing on three. Carbohydrates consist of Carbon, Oxygen, and Hydrogen. They play a critical role in the human body. There main function is to “provide energy for the muscles in your body, as well as fuelling the central nervous system. Not

We will then examine the Lycopene spectroscopically and crystallize it to obtain a melting point.

Sugar, starches, and cellulose are all carbohydrates (The American Heritage Student Science Dictionary 57). Carbohydrates are just a fancier way of saying “sugar”. It’s called an organic compound because it is made up of one long chain of carbon atoms. They provide living things with energy and can act as substances that are used for structure. When multiple carbohydrates combine they change to polysaccharide.

They’re extremely important for the body, it provides extra needed energy for the muscles and liver. They are broken down by the body, so it can sustain body process. The ratio for these atoms are 1:2:1. The simplest form of carbohydrates are monosaccharides which are made up of 3 to 6 carbon molecules. Glucose which is the most important monosaccharides is the body preferred energy resource. One’s digestive system changes carbohydrates into glucose. Which is then used for energy in the cells, organs and tissue. Disaccharides such as sucrose and maltose are formed when monosaccharides are linked together using glycoside bond. Finally the largest and most complex carbohydrate are polysaccharides that is often used for energy storage. Examples would be, starch which are used in plants, cellulose in lands, glycogen in animals and chitin

Did you know that atoms are in that soda you are drinking? Or that there are molecules in the brocoli you always feed to your dog secretly under the dining room table? Atoms and molecules make up our life. To start off, atoms refers to the smallest part of an element that is still an element. Nextly, molecules refers to two or more atoms joined together acting as a unit. In total, there are four major atoms and four major molecules when dealing with the atoms and molecules of life. Wondering what the 4 major atoms are? They are Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen (CHON) that each major molecule has, but in different variations.

Carbohydrates contain the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and are hydrated due to the 2;1 ratio of hydrogen and water. Carbohydrates have 3 groups; monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides (see figure 7) Monosaccharides are simple sugars that made up of 1 sugar unit and include glucose, fructose, galactose which are substrates for respiration. When 2 monosaccharides gain a glycosidic bond to attach to another they become disaccharides. On the reverse, when they are broken down from 2 to 1, a condensation reaction and this is called hydrolysis. Adding one monosaccharide after another to the chain, it polysaccharides; this is called condensation polymerisation and the monosaccharides are then referred to as monomers. The properties of a polysaccharide molecule depend on the length and any folding which results in a more compact molecule.