In 1984, Congress charged the Army with disposing of all stockpiled chemical weapons and given until 1997 to do so. There where chemical weapons since the World War I era that the United States had stockpiled (J. Pike, 2008). The need to dispose of said chemical weapons is how Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System, also referred to as JACADS, came to be (J. Pike, 2008). Construction started in the 1986 but it wasn’t until 1993 that JACADs was fully operational and able to destroy chemical weapons (J. Pike, 2008). Johnston Atoll then closed for good in 2009 (G. Mahall, 2009). Johnston Atoll was located on Johnston Island, which is approximately about 825 miles southwest of Oahu (J. Pike, 2008). Johnston Island is formerly known as …show more content…
Pike, 2008). Operational Verification Testing (OVT), was required by law. The Army conducted 4 periods of testing from 1990 to 1993 (J. Pike, 2008). After this testing was done, Johnston Atoll began its full scale operations (J. Pike, 2008). Johnston Atoll was far from being accident free, in 1994 there were several incidents that caused delays (E.Rampbell, 1996). An accidental release of nerve agent GB, the exposure was 10 times greater than allowed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (E.Rampbell, 1996). This particular incident caused Johnston Atoll to close for 4 months (E.Rampbell, 1996). There were several fires that also caused problems and delays (E.Rampbell, 1996). The munitions process was stalled from time to time because the fuse adapter was not always easy to remove (McLay, W., & Lambert, J. 2000). The Army was completely responsible for the security, transport and storage of the chemical agents (J. Pike, 2008). Once fully operational, the Johnston Atoll became the world’s full scale chemical munitions disposal facility (dtic.mil). The process of demilitarization consisted of automated disassembly equipment, and different incinerators for the different munition types (dtic.mil). Large carbon filter units were used for ventilation as a safety measure for the environment and those who worked there
This article tells of an interview between a reporter by the last name of Vigeland and retired Lieutenant Colonel Roberts. During the interview, Vigeland and Roberts discuss the horrors of Agent Orange and Roberts’ personal experience with it. Back in 1981, Roberts was a First Lieutenant in the military. He was the facilities maintenance officer of the Futenma Air Base in Okinawa, Japan. Roberts explains that one day he was assigned to check out the high chemical readings in the water runoff from the base. The theory of the chemicals coming from a collection of underground fuel tanks, Roberts was ordered to build a gate. As the they were digging, they came across several barrels. The more they digged, the more barrels they ran across. After they were done digging, they found a total of one hundred barrels neatly placed. Some were new, some were old, some were even leaking, but they were all unmarked. The barrels only had reddish-orange markings on them. Roberts believes that this was the tell-tale marker of Agent Orange. Then, Roberts
material used by atomic weapons (EPA, 2013). In 1989, production halted and cleanup of the site’s
Two pt verifier name and dob confirmed. Pt is requesting her profile for her knees and left shoulder be renewed. Pt states that she is schedule for her MRI in Oct. Informed the pt that request be sent to her provider and will call her with his recommendations. Pt agrees and verbalizes
At the end of World War II the War Department destroyed all evidence of these bombs, which is
In Nagasaki 14,000 or 27% of 52,000 residences were completely destroyed and 5,40O, or 10% were half destroyed. Only 12% remained undamaged. This destruction was limited by the layout of the city. The production of chemical weapons also expanded during the cold war. The growth of chemical weapons programs paralleled the rapid growth of insect pest control, reflecting the increasing alignment of military and industrial interests. Developments in the chemical industry against the "hordes" of "totalitarian" both metaphorically and materially with the American military's mobilization for total war against the Soviets. Development of various insecticides was found to have direct military application. In at least one case, the race to develop stronger insecticides to keep pace with biological adaptations among insects led to the discovery of V-agents, a new type of organophosphate highly toxic to humans. The doctrine of total war against humans paralleled and furthered the idea of total war on and control of
Not to mention the harm it brought to the local people. According the chapter nine See no evil:Choosing Not to Look at the War in Vietnam,the United States dropped three times as many tons of explosives in Vietnam as it dropped in all theaters of World War II including Hiroshima and Nagasaki3.
Nuclear weapons have been used twice in war – on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. More than 210,000 civilians died, while many more suffered small injuries. Even if a nuclear weapon were never again exploded over a city, there are horrible effects from the production, testing and deployment of nuclear weapons that are experienced as a personal and community catastrophe by lots of people around the world. This must inform and motivate efforts to get rid of these weapons.
Is the use of chemical, biological or nuclear weapons in war ethical? Is there an appropriate time to use them? A dilemma will later be presented for consideration. Different ethical theories can either support or oppose the use of CBW depending on the circumstances. However, chemical, biological and nuclear agents are dangerous, uncontrollable and undifferentiating weapons of mass destructions. Actions must be taken to see that there are no future instances of use during war. However, before one discusses the legal and ethical issues involved with CBW, one must understand what chemical, biological and nuclear weapons are and how they function.
When the United States created the atomic bombs during World War II, American officials questioned when and where the bombs would be used. A select group of people comprised of, “government officials, military advisors, and scientists” were brought together in order to decide how the United States should proceed with the new
Midway Island is located in the North Pacific Ocean, 2010km (1250 mi) northwest of Honolulu. The two islands (east and sand island) combined have an overall area of 25sq miles. For such a small island, the battle was one of the largest of WWII. The Battle of Midway occurred only six months after Pearl Harbor. After the attack on Peal Harbor Japan 's fleet with ten aircraft carriers dwarfed the
With the events that happened on September 11, 2001, the American people and all government leadership realized that the U.S. was fight a whole new other type of war. The U.S. has dealt with foreign terrorist networks abroad and the 1993 World Trade Center bombings. With the tragic event of 9/11, it became something of a nightmare because no American in history had the knowledge to deal with this kind of attack. Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTO) wants nothing more than to destroy America and the threat of another attack is imminent but, when? Every year these FTO’s will evolve and want to use chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear weapons (CBRN).
The purpose of this essay is to deal with the fact that chemical warfare should be brought back to modern warfare strategies. As Warren Rudman said, “And they will tell you unequivocally that if we have a chemical or biological attack or a nuclear attack anywhere in this country, they are unprepared to deal with it today, and that is of high urgency.” Rudman’s words are true in what they say and that we should do everything to counter-act his statement. Biological weapons are a key to outstanding success in war and therefore, I strongly suggest that chemical warfare is an effective and producible weapon tactic that can be used on today’s battlefield.
It has been just over seven decades since the destructive atomic bombs were dropped on Japan. These bombs were the first of its kind-weapons of mass destruction. There are many points-of-view or opinions about whether or not the bombs should have been used. As always there are two sides to each story; those who are for a cause and those who are against. In this paper, I will discuss the two opposing points-of-view, as well as my own opinion on which argument I find most compelling.
Seth went through the NAPE Workshop on November 5th and he still has inconsistencies in his verification protocols. He has a good tone and was kind with all his callers. Seth needs to work on using phonetic spelling, follow the scripts that have been provided, capturing accurate station information, and verifying the full NAPE on lookups.
The first World war chemical weapons were used then outlawed for combat. “Unlike when the U.S. was the only nuclear power and first used the technology against Japan without fear of reciprocation” ( The Ch.1 The Dangers). As a country we didn’t know the effects of a bomb on a living city, but now we know the consequences. Now what