Oesopharyngeal Pressure

The major variables were labeled in association with the endoscopic photographs from the computer-assisted measurement (CAM) airway analysis at the retropalatal level with calibrator in regards to showing airway dimensions in both pre and postoperative images (Hsu et al., 2007). There was no sign of manipulation of these variables other than from the postoperative images. The research team compiled the data to show the regression data of UPPP surgery were considerably correlated with postoperative improvement. This method of data collection was used to analyze the correlation between modifications in surgical parameters and the postoperative status of OSA patients.

This study focuses on methods to confirm proper tube placement. Through a cross sectional study, the research concluded that over seventy eight percent of critical care health workers use multiple methods to confirm tube placement. Some of the more common methods include looking at the gastric aspirate’s pH, observing the patient for signs or respiratory distress, and capnography. Auscultation of the air bolus was not included in the study because it was deemed “unreliable”. However, a small separate study was done and about eighty eight percent of critical care health workers claimed they also used an air bolus auscultation as a method of confirming placement. So, what is the reasoning for health care workers to continue doing this if it is unreliable? It has been hypothesized that this method requires the least amount of supplies and the nurses can do it quickly and easily. This research study along with many others concludes that air bolus auscultation is not an accurate method because the sounds nurses are used to hearing that “confirm” proper tube placement in the gastrointestinal tract are the same as sounds heard in the lungs and other areas of the

The new versus classic BPD features have changed over the years. The approaches to care, including surfactant administration, permissive hypercapnia, and noninvasive ventilation have changed. All these has increased the survival of low birth weight infants as before with classic BPD. The classic BPD was before surfactant and more management techniques, and inflammation and alveolar septal fibrosis. All these changes were associated with oxygen toxicity, infection, and barotrauma.

3. Review the data below regarding your patient and interpret the data. Hint: Is the airway resistance and/or compliance increasing or decreasing? Why?

The main priority for all the pediatric patient was to make sure they are getting enough air. They needed an open airway. Without an open airway nothing else matters. To help with the patients airways we monitored their O2 sats and if they were low we made sure to apply oxygen, and continue to monitor their sats. Once oxygen was applied we worked on

When trying to determine lung function of premature infants can be quite difficult, the main issue is to ensure the safety of the infant. One of the newest methods of measuring lung function is pulmonary and arterial resistance and compliance test (RC tests). RC tests are two different lung function test that when combined together can determine a thorough understanding of lung function (Okada S. et. al., 2017). One part of the RC test is the resistor-capacitor test (RP). The RP test is used to determine the blood flow through the pulmonary vasculature (Okada S. et. al., 2017). The second part to the RC test are the pulmonary arterial compliance test which determines the the blood vessels elasticity and extensibility (Okada S. et. al., 2017). When the data from the RP and CP test are merged the data can determine the pressure of the pulmonary

However, there were no peep values at bedside. We know per our standard of care if there was an emergency and we had to bag our patient and did not apply the same peep we would compromise our end-expiratory pressure which would lead to the collapsing of their alveolars.

From investigation in health practices, ventilator associated pneumonia caught my attention. “Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care units. Most episodes of VAP are thought to develop from the aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions containing potentially pathogenic organisms. Aspiration of gastric secretions may also contribute, though likely a lesser degree. Tracheal intubation interrupts the body’s anatomic and physiologic defenses against aspiration, making mechanical ventilation a major risk for Ventilator Associated Pneumonia. Semi-recumbent positioning of mechanically ventilated patients may help reduce the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux and lead to a decreased incidence of VAP. The one randomized trial to date of semi- recumbent positioning shows it to be an effective method of reducing VAP. Immobility in critically ill patients leads to atelectasis and decreased clearance of bronchopulmonary secretions. The accumulation of contaminated oropharyngeal secretions above the endotracheal tube cuff may contribute to the risk of aspiration. Removing these

The researchers will submit the research proposal to Douglas College Research Ethics Board for approval. The completed application is attached (see Appendix 1). Although the research involves the medical records of young children deemed to be a vulnerable population, the nature of the research does not imply any contacts with the subjects. Therefore, no consent is required from parents or legal guardians. Since the research does not imply any direct or indirect contacts with the subjects, there are no reasonably foreseeable risks or discomforts pertaining to the research. The researchers will obtain the permission from the provincial Ministry of Health to have an access to the medical records of children

When T-tube and CPAP were compared in the Study (108), it showed that use of T-tube did not impair arterial oxygenation. Further it showed that extubation with T-tube could be superior to CPAP when the pattern of change in PaO2/FiO2 was taken into consideration to predict extubation outcome. The PaO2/FiO2 showed an initial decline and then increasing trend in case of T-tube whereas it had a declining trend in CPAP group. Study by Cekmen N et al. had contrary result showing the number of unsuccessful weaning being higher in T-tube group as compared to CPAP group. However the hemodynamic parameters and arterial blood gases analysis was comparable within and in between CPAP and T-tube group (113).

Nasal septal/Turbinates surgery: relationship between nasal obstruction and snoring is complex. Several physiological mechanisms were described to try to explain the relationship between nasal airflow and breathing during sleep and one of the most widely accepted mechanism is the Starling resistor model. According to this the upper airway has been described as resembling a Starling resistor with a collapsible segment in the oropharynx where upper airway narrowing is induced by subatmospheric nasal pressure 104. Recently published data demonstrate that when nasal obstruction due to septal deviation exist in habitual snorers with deviated septum, the snoring can improve after nasal septal surgery, the intensity of snoring can decreases and

The information about arterial blood gases was again taken from patients two hour after receiving ventilation with BiPAP The data was recorded in a structured Performa and then entered into SPSS 16.

Although when it happens, there can be a devastating impact on patients as well as to the multidisciplinary theatre team involved. Consequently, the DAS has produced a consensus set of guidelines for managing failed intubations in adult and paediatric patients, but there are as yet no such nationally-agreed guidelines in obstetrics, therefore each obstetric unit should have their own flowchart with regards to management of failed intubation (Brien and Conlon, 2013). Furthermore, in light of the latest DAS guidelines, several aspects of clinical anaesthetic practise have changed over recent years (Frerk at al, 2015). Amongst the changes are the use of new drugs such as rocuronium and suggamadex and using electronic video-laryngoscopes (Frerk et al, 2015). Further work had also looked at extending the period of apnoea without causing desaturation by optimising the preoxygenation process and adequate patient positioning (Frerk et al, 2015). As a result, updated guidelines for difficult intubations in adult patients were published in 2015; these guidelines provide a flowchart to be used when endotracheal intubation proves difficult or impossible and focus on the central importance of oxygenation while reducing the amount of airway interventions in order to minimize trauma to the delicate airway (Frerk et al, 2015). The main message of the revised guidelines is

For the study 30 subjects were selected. Patients were selected in the study on the basis of inclusion criteria. The patients were fully informed about the treatment procedure and written consent was taken. The patients were divided into two groups in a randomized manner and each group consisted of 15 patients. The Ethical approval was taken from Ethical Approval Committee of the Burdwan Medical College and Hospital.

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a common lung disorder that mostly affects preterm infants. RDS is caused by insufficient surfactant production and structural immaturity of the lungs leading to alveolar collapse. Clinically, RDS presents soon after birth with tachypnea, nasal flaring, grunting, retractions, hypercapnia, and/or an oxygen need. The usual course is clinical worsening followed by recovery in 3 to 5 days as adequate surfactant production occurs. Research in the prevention and treatment of this disease has led to major improvements in the care of preterm infants with RDS and increased survival. However, RDS remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality especially in the most preterm infants. This chapter reviews the most current evidence-based management of RDS, including prevention, delivery room stabilization, respiratory management, and supportive care.