Neutron Stars Research Paper

- Discuss stellar evolution (describing each stage in brief). What forces are opposing one another throughout the life of a star and how do they influence the various stages in the life cycle of a star

Orion has two of the brightest stars, be Betelgeuse and Rigel. Betelgeuse is a red supergiant. The gravity of the star squeezes its core tightly, heating it to billions of degrees. It then fuses the helium to make heavier elements. When that happens, the star no longer produces energy in the core. Without the reactions in its core to push outward, gravity quickly causes the core to collapse, forming a neutron star.

What pulsars have in common with the sun is that they have been observed to also have planetary systems. According to Fabrice Mottez (Paris Observatory) in an article titled Planets Around Pulsars – Can They Support Life?, “Pulsars and their planetary systems work a bit like giant electric generators. If the conditions are right, the magnetic field and stellar wind of the pulsar can interact with planets and create a powerful electromagnetic wake around the planets.” When objects such as a star or a planet radiates, energy is lost. While the large forces released by the wakes around these pulsar planets are not quite big enough to have that big of an effect on these planets’ orbits, research shows that they have much greater effect on smaller figures such as asteroids or comets. In the article Mottez also claims that, “Depending on the direction of their orbits, asteroids and comets could be thrown out into distant orbits or dragged down onto the pulsar’s surface. Even for objects as big as a kilometer in diameter, this could happen in less than 10,000 years, which is very rapid on astronomical timescales.” Pulsars are cores that have been leftover from giant stars after exploding in a supernova. Even though supernovas are extremely violent, some astronomers think that some planets can survive such a large blast. However, there could be other types of planets that may be able to support life around a

The most common is the pulsar, which releases jets of material at nearly the speed of light. Since neutron stars are spinning rapidly it can appear as if they release the material all at once creating a cloud around it. The other common type of neutron star is the magnetar, which has a magnetic field more than a thousand times that of a normal neutron star. This magnetic field is the strongest known field in the universe and is so powerful it can change the shape of an atom. It also causes starquakes on the surface of the neutron star which will displace enormous amounts of radiation. If two neutron stars were to collide, in under 30 milliseconds a black hole would have formed as well as a massive magnetic field and an estimated nova like event (Reed,

The study of our stars is very important, astronomers study them to predict what will happen to our sun, which directly affects us.

The breakthrough of GRB’s occurred during 1969 by the Vela satellite during the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Indications to what they were or where they were coming from being unrecognizable. During the following 4 years, it was revealed in 1973 what they had discovered, including that they were coming from all directions of the universe. Without real accessories to seek out or observe these bursts NASA launched CGRO. Following the launch of CGRO was the first GRB to be recorded on the 23rd of January, 1999 being titled: GRB 990123.

In 1974, Joseph Taylor and Russell Hulse found such a pair of neutron stars in our own galaxy.[cite] One of the stars is a pulsar, meaning it beams regular pulses of radio waves toward Earth. Taylor

Harvard was a man’s place in 1901 with women seen as a lesser comparison to men. At the time these women astronomers were trying to map and classify the types of stars. Annie was important to the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, because she was the key to understanding the substance of the stars. She led of a group of women, which catalogued a quarter of a million stars. The true distinction among stars was discovered by Annie and her team with the use of prisms. Annie and her team would allow light from a star to fall through a prism placed in a telescope. This prism would then split the light into a band showing its component colors. These component colors are red rays on one end, and violet rays on the other end. Using this spectrum of a star, Annie began to classify stars using their different spectral lines. This took Annie decades to classify the spectral characteristics of 100,000 different stars according to the scheme she came up with.

The topic that will be discussed is why stars twinkle at night, and how technology has been enhanced to produce clear images of the stars. The stars twinkling was fist investigated in 1956 by the US air force Dr. William Protheroe and Dr. William Blitzstein are conducting the inquiry from the University of Pennsylvania observatory in Philadelphia.

Neutron stars are usually about 12.4 to 14.9 miles (20 to 24 kilometers) in diameter, but they can contain twice the mass of our sun which is about 864,938 miles (1.392 million km) in diameter. A sugar cube sized piece of a neutron star would weigh about 1 billion tons (0.9 metric tons) — "about the same as Mount Everest according to NASA. The gravitational pull on the surface of a neutron star would be about 1 billion times stronger than the gravitational pull on the surface of the

They are larger and cooler with temps ranging from 3,500- 4,500K. When fusion of helium is rapid, the star expands. When fusion is slow, the star may condense and form a blue supergiant.

Our sun is halfway through its life cycle and based on the studies of the stars, when it reaches the last stages of its life it will go supernova destroying Earth, but that won’t happen in about 5 billion years.

3,900 light years away and with a radius of 1,420 solar radii and a mass of 8 solar masses, Canis Majoris placed in the center of our solar system would stretch beyond Jupiter. It is difficult to determine the surface of this star, as it has a density of 0.000010 kg/m3 , less dense than the atmosphere of the Earth at sea level. This red hypergiant is approximated to undergo a supernova explosion within the next 100,000 years.

I am excited to say that me and my team of astronomy researchers have discovered a correlation between finding potential habitable star systems and a star's magnetic activity and X-ray emissions. Our study, titled “An Improved Age-Activity Relationship for Cool Stars Older than a Gigayear“, was led by Rachel Booth, a PhD student from the Astrophysics Research Center at Queen’s University Belfast. Our data was gathered using NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and ESA's XMM-Newton. NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory is a telescope specifically built to detect X-ray emissions from regions in the universe which exhibit very high temperatures such as stars. ESA's Chandra X-ray Observatory is a telescope whose purpose is similar to that of NASA's

Cooking mistakes happen every day at my house. I am either chasing a wild toddler, feeding a hungry baby, or preoccupied with another activity to watch my food constantly. Cooking is in every aspect of life: meal time, family get togethers, parties, holidays, celebrations, etc. No matter how much you love or despise the activity, everyone cooks at some time during their life. Here are 4 common cooking blunders and the solutions to make the food edible. Burned Food Around our household, burned food is the most common mistake. I always get preoccupied with some other task, and the edges of our meal always get burned. The best way to solve this problem is to transfer any unburned food to a separate pan. Then, set the new pan in cold water to prevent the burned flavor and stop anymore cooking. Once the food cools, the only way to remove the burned flavor completely is to cover the food with a slightly damp towel for 3 minutes. Sticky Food Have you ever made rice or pasta and it all clumped together? The best way to solve this cooking problem is to run the food under hot water for about 30 seconds. Fried food also has the problem of sticking together. You do not want to run water over the fried food. Instead, set the pan in cold water and gently un-stick the pieces from each other with a flexible spatula. Food That is Too Salty I am a big fan of salt, so when I believe there is too much salt in a particular dish, we have problems. Soups are notorious for being too