Naval Architecture And Marine Architecture

Navy Force Structure and Shipbuilding Plan. (2014, February). Congressional Research Service, 7-5700(RL32665), 75. Retrieved from h

During my tenure with NTB, I have undertaken complex engineering and project work within the boundaries of the Navy Technical Regulatory Framework (NTRF) to successfully deliver technical products and services for the acquisition and sustainment of Minor War Vessels (MWV) for the RAN. In the naval context, these includes specification and validation of compliance with Platform System Requirements for the current and future ships through the development of material specification for maritime capability certification assurance process and provide technical naval system advice to naval community that is accurate, on time and pragmatic.

Ensuing the horrendous events of the Civil War, reconstruction and industrialization, America soon resumed its course towards expansion. Now that the United States is a unified country, it is not astonishing that America returns to amplifying its power in regards to the government, economy, and the military. This upsurge of power allowed the American navy numerous opportunities to grow, explore, and expand both in size and money. With improvements made to the ships, the navy is

Marine Systems: It designs and builds submarines, surface combatants, auxiliary ships and large commercial vessels.

On the afternoon of January 28, 1969, a terrible environmental disaster occurred when a well blowout on the Union Oil Company platform A, causing one of the largest oil spill in the United States. The platform was located in Summerland Oil Field pier which 6 miles east of city of Santa Barbara. Riggers desperately tried to repair the well before oil started spreading to the shoreline. Needless to say, the effects of the oil spill sparked outrage from the local community and the media that inevitably caused ecological effects, safety and ethical concerns. It took oil workers a total of 11 days to cap the ruptured pipe, while an estimated 3 million gallons of poisonous black crude oil showered the Pacific Ocean. Sadly, oceans

Twenty seven years ago, tragedy struck the cold Pacific waters of Bligh reef in Alaska. March 24, 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill took place. It was a devastating and horrific event that took more life than you can could count within the same hour. It is said to be the cause of mischeck and improper equipment supply. The cause was so big, no one noticed it. Such a massacre of wildlife could have been avoided if only they took the time to care.

The Exxon-Valdez oil spill occurred on March 24, 1989, when the tanker Exxon Valdez, transporting oil from Valdez, Alaska to Los Angeles, California, ran aground on the Bligh Reef in Prince William Sound, Alaska. The root cause of the accident was the captain. After passing through Valdez Narrows, pilot Murphy left the vessel and Captain Hazelwood took over the wheelhouse. It was Captain Hazelwood who made the decision to steer the ship off its normal path in order to avoid a run in with ice. For reasons that remain unclear, as Captain Hazelwood retired in his quarters, his copilots Cousins and Kagan failed to make the turn back into the shipping lanes and the ship ran aground on Bligh Reef at 12:04 a.m., March 24, 1989. There have been several speculations on what occurred, however, The National Transportation Safety Board investigated the accident and determined five probable causes of the grounding: (1) The third mate failed to properly maneuver the vessel, possibly due to fatigue and excessive workload; (2) the master failed to provide a proper navigation watch, possibly due to impairment from alcohol; (3) Exxon Shipping Company failed to supervise the master and provide a rested and sufficient crew for the Exxon Valdez; (4) the U.S. Coast Guard failed to provide an effective vessel traffic system; and (5) effective pilot and escort services were lacking.

“One of the last best places on earth”-Holleman, Marybeth. The water was innocently untouched before the Exxon Valdez oil tanker struck Prince William Sound’s Bligh Reef. As oil spillage only grew cleanup began to take place right away. The recovery was a long process due to lack of efforts. In addition, discussions formed at the scene questioning if this was a crime, an accident, or a felony (Lewis, G). Although the Exxon Valdez oil spill was one of the most devastating environmental disasters, the response to the following oil spills didn’t significantly improve.

In 1989 the oil tanker Exxon Valdez ran aground on Bligh Reef located off the coast of Alaska. The Exxon Valdez spilled thousands of barrels of oil into Prince William Sound, which was the biggest oil spill to date. “Thousands of animals and hundreds of thousands of birds died in the days immediately after the spill. The fishing and tourism industries suffered losses estimated in the millions of dollars” (Loeb & McCall, 2008). The incident was investigated thoroughly and legal cases were pursued against ExxonMobile.

The Deepwater Horizon also known as the Gulf of Mexico Crude oil spill occurred on the 20th of April 2010. This disaster occurred in the Gulf of Mexico where they had an oil well underwater. On the 20th of April an underwater camera caught the BP pipe leaking oil and gas on the ocean floor, natural gases leaked into the well (which was full of oil) and caused an explosion under water, this caused oil to come gushing out of the Deepwater Horizon oil ring. This occurred because the gases blasted through a concrete core that was installed to seal the well, once the natural gas were released from the crack it leaked up the Deepwater rig’s riser and ignited, as the core was too weak to handle any pressure. This leaking caused about 3.19 million barrels of oil to leak (over 130 million gallons). This explosion triggered a fire and lead to the death of 11 workers and injured 17 workers.

April 20th, 2010 an explosion occurred that created what would be considered one of the worst oil spills in U.S. history. The Deepwater Horizon Oil Rig was being leased by BP Oil Company and was located only about 40 miles off of the coast of Louisiana. A surge of natural gas that made its way to the Horizon rig’s platform ignited, causing the rig to capsize and sink, thus breaking risers that were being used to counteract the large amount of pressure from oil and natural gasses (Pallardy, 2015). The explosion killed 11 workers and injured 17 others and caused a massive leak in the oil wellhead. It took 87 days for the wellhead to be closed and it is estimated that over that time around 210 million gallons

Early this century the same debate raged and a Royal Commission sat in 1918 to consider the question. Economic conservatives at the time pointed out that we could build naval ships far more cheaply in overseas yards. We could and we still can. The same shortsighted arguments are being made today. Without the development of the necessary skills to build warships, we could not have built our Grimsby Class sloops, our River Class frigates, our seaward support ships, our Tribal Class destroyers, our Fairmiles, our Bathurst Class Corvettes or the host of support vessels we built to enable us to prosecute WW

BP oil spill disaster is considered as one of the largest disasters of its magnitude in the US history and thus, one of the largest man-made disasters with huge negative impact on the environment. On 20th April 2010, here was an explosion on the Deep-water Horizon drilling rig, which led to the complete sinking of the offshore rig as well as oil spill that continued for 87 days. Methane gas in the well expanded to the riser and eventually, to the rig. High-pressured gas got inflamed and led to explosion. Two days later, Deep-water Horizon sank in the water completely.

On the Easter Sunday of March 24, 1989 an oil tanker destined for Long Beach, California was stopped short of its destination when it struck the Prince William Sound’s Bligh Reef (PWS). In charge of the ship was Captain Joseph Jeffrey Hazelwood. It was reported that Captain Hazelwood was not at the bridge of the ship during the incident. Furthermore he was accused of alcohol intoxication that might have contributed to the event. This event caused a catastrophic oil spill that resulted in 11 million gallons of crude oil spreading throughout the ocean. At that time, it was considered the largest oil that had ever happened in the United States, hence, it was expected to have devastating effects on the ecology and the different species living

Deepwater Horizon oil Spill: BP’s drilling platform in the Gulf of Mexico had an explosion in April 2010, causing the “largest oil spill catastrophe in the petroleum industry history”. It caused the death of 11 men and injury to several others. “More than 150,000 barrels of crude oil gushed into the sea, every day, for almost 5 months and up to 68,000 square miles of the Gulf 's surface were covered” (1).