Insider versus outsider perspectives of stories regarding the Native American culture
The debate about insider perspective and outsider perspective regarding Native American multicultural children’s literature (MCL) has been raging for decades. Outsider perspective is when a person is retelling a story about the Native American culture and they are not a part of that culture. The insider perspective is when a Native American story is told from a person that is a part of that culture. The insiders have argued the validity of the outsider perspective (Innes, 2009, p. 440) Outsiders believe that they are better equipped to provide objective accounts of the stories, but insiders claim that this leads to faulty recounts of the stories (Innes, 2009,
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70). By continuously spreading these stereotypes children are given only a single view of what a Native American is. A subtle but common theme from the outsider perspective is that Native American culture is considered inferior to white culture (Norton, 2013, p. 70). To a child, that does not come from a Native American culture, it would be appear that Native Americans are archaic and not a part of the modern times. Studies indicate that children and adults in the United States believe that the Native Americans are a vanishing people (Reese, 2007, p. 247). They believed that Native Americans lived in the distant past and wore buckskin’s as well as feathered headdresses and lived in teepees (Reese, 2007, p. 247). To a child, who is from a Native American culture; it would seem that their heritage is nothing to be proud of. The biggest complaint when it comes to outsiders telling stories that they are not culturally familiar with is that the text and illustrations are inaccurate (Norton, 2013, p. 72). In many cases a story would be told regarding one culture, but the illustrations will depict another. This leads a child from an outsider perspective that is not familiar with Native American culture to believe that all Native Americans are the same. When in reality there is a rich diversity involved in the Native American cultures. Only an insider is more adept to reflect the beliefs and values of the culture with the most accuracy (Stewart, 2002, p.
A general history of Native Americans has been a part of my education for as long as I can remember. I remember how during the week before Thanksgiving, my 1st grade class did a skit about the “First Thanksgiving”. In order to look like Indians we made vests out of paper grocery bags and crumpled them up to look like leather and drew on them with crayons. When I think of my education of Native American culture, I think of going to North Pacific Reservations and seeing 10-12 ft tall totem poles with the shapes of animals carved into them. Most of the Native American tribes that I have learned about have been Western United States tribes because I grew up in California. When I read the list of Wisconsin Native
When one typically thinks about a Native American, they picture this ideological representation of a Native American as depicted by popular culture. Native Americans are underrepresented on television, in books, in news, and all other forms of media. We, as a society, have chosen a path of ignorance in which we have chosen not to educate ourselves or our future generations on the true culture of Native Americans. We have ignored the negative impacts of using mascots such as “Redskins” and instead let it serve as a stereotype to fill our heads with unrealistic views and understandings of Native American culture. The resulting misconceptions leave many Native American students with a feeling of inferiority and questioning their self-worth.
Native Americans have had a long history of resistance to the social and cultural assimilation into white culture. By employing various creative strategies, Native Americans have attempted to cope with the changes stemming from the European colonial movement into the Americas. There are fundamental differences in world views and cultural and social orders between Indians and Europeans, which contributed to conservatism in Native American cultures. In this paper, two aspects of such cultural and institutional differences of Native American societies will be examined: holistic Native American beliefs versus dualistic world views and harmony versus domination. These two aspects are important in terms of explaining changes (or lack thereof) in
Storytelling continues to be an integral part of Native American culture, providing us with an understanding of what was important to the Native Americans. Through their stories, Native Americans expressed an understanding of the environment, and the relationship that existed between themselves and their environment. These stories also provide us with a look at Native American legends, history, and a collection of knowledge critical to their survival. Native American stories are deeply rooted in their relationship with Mother Earth. Their many years connected with land, life, water and sky has created many stories explaining these important bonds with Mother Earth. From ancient times the Native Americans have looked to their
Another issue is how Native Americans internalize the stereotypes that are forced upon them. In a study conducted by Fryberg, Markus, Oyserman, and Stone (2008), they found three common stereotypes of Native Americans in mass media: Spiritual people who are in tune with nature, warriors, or people with stereotypically bad outcomes, such as alcoholism. It is important to note that not all of these stereotypes are negative, and in fact a few of them are positive. What Fryberg et al. (2008) found, however, was that regardless if the stereotype was seen as positive or negative, all three of those variations caused harm in the form of “students’ feelings of personal and community worth, and achievement-related possible selves” (p. 216). It did
Until fairly recently the popular culture of American literature and film did not attempt to study the true representations of Indians in North America. Instead they chose to concentrate on the romanticized/savage version of Native people: which is an idealistic view of a Native with long, beautiful flowing hair riding on a horse obsessed with chanting and praying to the savageness of a rowdy, wild Native causing unnecessary mayhem to the white people. This portrayal of Native people in mass media had led to the stereotyping of Natives, which in turn had ricocheted into real life. Not only do non-natives succumb to these ideals, but Natives do as well.
I have fallen! Help me young sir! I have fallen! What is wrong? How have you fallen? I fell, I fell from grace itself! Now I need help! Will you help me? If you have fallen what makes you think that you can be helped? Ouch how cruel. To think that he has fallen from grace and now to be told that he can’t be helped. That’s what happened to Macbeth, he fell from grace and now there was no way he could be helped, but he didn’t even try to get help. Course, how did he fall from grace? Well, there are many ways that he fell, but mostly it's because of others. And who are these people to blame for his fall? To blame for Macbeth's downfall is the 3 witches, Lady Macbeth and Macbeth
If people took the opportunity to learn about Native American cultures in school or in his or free time, then people can avoid insulting another person’s culture.
The Native Indian history of violence and debasement changed their views and self-image as well. This change later affects how they adapt to American culture and education after being dissuaded from embracing their own for so long. The violence and indifference shown towards the Native Americans during the “Trail of Tears” contributed greatly to this change. In this dreadful journey, Natives of all kinds were forced off
Like a coin dropped between the cushions of a couch, traditional oral storytelling is a custom fading away in current American culture. For Native Americans, however, the practice of oral storytelling is still a tradition that carries culture and rich history over the course of generations. Three examples of traditional oral stories, “How Men and Women Got Together”, “Coyote’s Rabbit Chase”, and “Corn Mother”, demonstrate key differences in perspectives and values among diverse native tribes in America.
Stereotypes have been around since the start of humankind. They have crossed all people and all time frames, but appear to target and negatively impact the minority. In the history of America, Native Americans have been stereotyped into a few images. These images to the majority of the public, give a glimpse of what a Native American is. The reality is; however, that those images do not represent all tribes and all aspects of the Native American culture. Instead, society has mashed together what they believe Native Americans should be and who they are. This problem of stereotyping has not gone away, and will not go away until people choose to be educated on the matter. The fact is that there are many individuals who believe these stereotypes and do not know any differently. There has been many common stereotypes over the years. Hollywood has a played a major role in influencing these thoughts about Natives. There are stereotypes that have withstood time and are still found in today’s world. Lastly, Natives are still dealing with effects of being seen as something they are not. Throughout history, Native Americans have been negatively impacted by stereotyping and prejudice, and are still impacted by this today.
To begin, I agree with Alexie that Native American children need role models. He states, “My father loved books, and since I loved my father with an aching devotion, I decided to love books as well” (495). When he talks about his love for reading he says that his father loved books. He says that his father was one of the few Indians who went to school on purpose and that he was an avid reader. I was also inspired by my parents in third grade. I was not interested in reading. Then at the end of the quarter there was a party that for the people who met their reading goals. I was not in that group so my
The 1920s were an economic boom, but a majority of the country could not enjoy the wealth and prosperity. Only a small percentage of the country enjoyed huge sums of wealth, and the majority of families, about 3/4s, were poor and lived in poverty (“Great Depression”). These statistics are surprising considering the growth of consumerism and advertising of the time. Even though most of the country did not share the wealth, they still engaged in the consumerism and culture of the time. Products started to be mass-produced and therefore more affordable. A culture of buying the latest and greatest products developed. Advertisements tempted people, promising that their product would give them the life they wanted. In order to keep up with the new products and devices, poorer families spent a majority of their incomes on unnecessary consumer goods (“1920s Vintage Ads”). For the rich, the culture of consumerism was not a problem as they had plenty of money to spare; however, for the poor this culture was damaging. Many people took out loans to pay for things such as cars and houses, and this was an economic problem that contributed to the depression (“Great Depression”). Even though most people’s lives were difficult in the 1920s, people were still hopeful. They believed in the country, themselves, the economy, and the idea that consumerism could improve your life.
For most of my life, the word “Native American” had immediately made me think of feathers, powwows, and a society uncorrupted by civilization. However, in watching the movie Smoke Signals, a movie that depicts the modern Native American culture, I learned many other things. For one, I learned that many of the customs that modern Native Americans have are very similar to my own. I also saw that the family life of the Native Americans in the film had many of the same problems that my family had undergone in the past years. This film was unlike any that I have ever seen; therefore, it reached me on a very personal level.
The Europeans quickly agreed on a very simple (and self serving) set of assumptions about the native peoples they encountered in the New World: there were "good Indians" and "bad Indians." The good were simple, free, and innocent; the bad were degraded, brutal, and untrustworthy. All individuals, all tribes, at all times could be understoodand all were inferior in the light of Western, Christian civilization. Children are harmed when they are bombarded with stereotypical images because they internatlize these negative perceptions and will hold the images throughout their lives. When a child sees or meets a Native American, their first impressions are the ones they were shown from the books and pictures they saw.