NG Infection Paper

Hospital-Acquired Conditions (HACs) have come under greater scrutiny in recent years as the healthcare industry is transitioning to value-based care models that emphasize the quality and safety of patient care. According to CMS (2015), hospital-acquired conditions are “(a) high cost or high volume or both, (b) result in the assignment of a case to a DRG that has a higher payment when present as a secondary diagnosis, and (c) could reasonably have been prevented through the application of evidence-based guidelines.” Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are one type of HAC in which patients develop an infection while being treated in a healthcare setting.

Fowler and colleagues, using the STS ACSD, reported a rate of 3.51% for major infections, defined as any one of the following: mediastinitis, thoracotomy or vein harvest site infection, or septicemia.4 Shih reported a HAI rate of 5.1% among patients undergoing CABG surgery at any of 33 hospitals in the state of Michigan.1 Shih used STS ACSD data, similar to Fowler, although included pneumonia and sepsis to define HAIs. Similar to our present study, pneumonia was the most common type of HAI, occurring among 3.1% of patients.

PICC-related bloodstream infections were found less frequently in patients with the antimicrobial PICC. The nonintervention group had a total of 8 CLABSIs (rate ¼ 4.18/1,000 catheter days). There was 1 CLABSI (rate ¼ 0.47/1,000 catheter days) in the intervention group. Along the course of the study there were limitations affecting its applicability. For example, the 2 study groups were not fully comparable with respect to underlying conditions or admitting diagnosis that might have predisposed the patients to CLABSI. The variables collected on each diagnosis varied greatly between patients and did not offer a pattern to code effectively for known CLABSI risk factors. The quasiexperimental design could only provide evidence of probability. The retrospective data for the nonintervention group was another limitation. In addition, the inability of the researcher to determine the significance of nursing compliance with maintenance practices could have introduced bias into this

Individuals with cancer are predisposed to infection and are at a greatly increased risk for death from infection-related illnesses. In addition to the immunosuppressive effects of the cancer itself, individuals with cancer may be at increase risk for infection due to surgery and treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation. Frequent hospital stays and devices such as indwelling catheters

As a nurse in the critical care unit I noticed an increase in CAUTIs over the last six months furthermore, there was also an increase in new clinical staff during that time. Using my skills learned in my Evidence Based Practice course I investigative the increase in CAUTIs on the unit. The patients in the ICU are at risk for CAUTIs because they are catheterized for an extended period of time, which is the single greatest risk factor for CAUTIs. Additionally, ICU patients are sicker than in the past which has increased length of stay. Additionally, this has also compromised their immune system, making them more susceptible to infection.

Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) can be used for routine patient care for treatment and have been increasingly used over the past years. They are more invasive than a peripheral intravenous line (PIV); however, they can be inserted at the bedside, are easily removed, and provide many positive benefits. PICCs relieve patients from frequent venipuncture for serial lab draws, decreases frequent re-starts of PIVs, and the patient can be discharged home, if needed, for continued IV therapy. Although there are benefits to these easily inserted central lines, central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) are a possibility (Dumont & Nessselrodt, 2012).

The majority of the studies collected retrospective data via a reporting system from Emergency Departments (EDs) in the US and Canada. This does not account for the number of TBIs which are treated in general practice or clinic settings or by EDs which do not use those specific reporting systems. There is also the ongoing issue of underreporting which, while being well-known, is nearly impossible to fully account for.

As mentioned above, there are a multitude of practices that are practice to decrease the prevalence of central line associated blood stream infections. To prevent central line associated bloodstream infections there are several steps before and during the insertion process as well as after the insertion of the line to decrease the risk of developing an infection. To begin with, it is important to avoid using the femoral vein for central venous catheter insertion is possible (Hsu, 2014). Avoiding the femoral vein is important because it is consider a dirty area of the body; therefore, the preferred site for the insertion of these lines is the subclavian vein because it is considered the area that is least likely to be infected. Furthermore,

Every year a familiar scene plays out in clinic waiting rooms, chairs filled with miserable patients waiting to see their physician with complaints of a never ending cough and a constant nasal drip. More than likely, these patients will receive a prescription for antibiotics, but should they? Most acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs), do not require an antibiotic, the symptoms will resolve themselves over time without antibiotic treatment. Healthcare experts and scientists have warned the public about the dangers of overusing antibiotics, and there are thousands of studies to support that fact, but no one is listening. Patients are convinced they need to have antibiotic treatment, and somehow their time is wasted if they leave empty

The CDC’s National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) supports 2,000 hospitals nationally (Central line-associated bloodstream infections, n.d.). Since March 2010, hospitals, in twenty one of the United States’ fifty states, are required to report their hospital acquired infections to the NHSN (Central line-associated bloodstream infections, n.d.). The CMS data report includes identification numbers for the hospitals the CLABSI happened at, the name and address of the hospitals, the number days the central line was in, the number of CLABSI incidences the hospitals had, and each hospitals’ National Healthcare Safety Network standardized infection ratio (SIR) (Tabak et al.,

As nurses it is our job to know these factors that can increase patients vulnerability to infections, such as drug therapy, certain diseases, and if a patient is going under surgery. This allow the nurse to be vigilant on which patients is at risk in other

The aim of the study is to “investigate whether rates of community- and healthcare-associated bloodstream and surgical site infections varied by patient gender in a large cohort after controlling a wide variety of possible confounders” (Cohen et al., 2013).

The relative risk of developing tuberculosis treated in patients with TNF-α inhibitor. We used STATA 12.0 software to establish all database analyses. The overall reactivation and newly developed rate was measure for all the studies The OR was measure for all the studies and heterogeneity was analyses using a random effects models were perform because of heterogeneity in the analysis, if P50% moderate heterogeneity and >75% high heterogeneity[15]. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to examine for heterogeneity when reliable studies were excluded from the analysis. Publication bias was evaluated with funnel plot, Begg’s and Egger’s test[16,

Risk for impaired tissue integrity related to irritation of the skin secondary to incontinent diarrhea

Study of Mortality, Morbidity and Cost attributable to Health Care-Associated Infection in a Tertiary Level Healthcare Institution