Myelodysplastic Syndrome Research Paper

Mr. Jacobs is a very pleasant, 69-year-old gentleman who presents to the oncology clinic for evaluation and treatment of a myelodysplastic syndrome with excess blasts in transformation RAEB-2. Patient states he was in a normal state of health until 01/2017 when he was evaluated to have anemia and leukopenia. He was referred to a hematologist/oncologist and underwent a bone marrow biopsy. The results revealed a mild dysplastic syndrome with excess blasts in transformation RAEB-2. Flow cytometry showed 11% myeloblasts. He was subsequently given one unit of packed red blood cells and started on erythropoietin every three weeks

Ishmael starts off the story by talking about the war that is taking place in his country and about his rap group he is participating in. He begins to explain to the reader how he learned about rap and why he loves it so much. Ishmael, his brother Junior, and Talloi take a road trip to Mattru Jong to participate in a talent show, but stop at there Grandmothers house on the way. In chapter two, Ishmael is having a nightmare, where he is pushing a wheelbarrow through a cemetery that is holding dead bodies. He wakes up from his dream and is living in his present day life, Ishmael thinks back on when he was carrying a Ak-47 killing villagers for food. He hates both thoughts. The next chapter consists of the three boys staying with their friends waiting to hear from their parents. A

Thrombocytopenia means that you have a low number of platelets in your blood. Platelets are tiny cells in the blood. When you bleed, they clump together at the cut or injury to stop the bleeding. This is called blood clotting. Not having enough platelets can cause bleeding problems.

People who have Myelodysplastic Syndrome may not experience symptoms at the beginning of the disease. However, there are three main signs that can develop and alert healthcare providers that something is wrong. One of these is a low red blood cell count, or Anemia. Most patients that have myelodysplastic syndromes exhibit this indicator when first diagnosed. A normal red blood count can vary between 4.0 and 6.1 million red blood cells per microliter of blood in the body, depending on the age and sex of the patient. A red blood cell count lower than normal is characteristic of Anemia (Cafasso, Jacquelyn, and Gotter). Not only is Anemia shown by constantly low hematocrit, but it can also be characterized by constantly low hemoglobin. A normal hemoglobin count is between 12.0 and 15.5 grams per deciliter of blood for females, and 13.5 to 17.5 grams per deciliter of blood for males. Levels lower than these show a low hemoglobin level (Mayo Clinic, Hemoglobin Test). Hemoglobin is the protein in blood that carries oxygen to the different tissues in the body.

Multiple myeloma is a haematological malignancy characterised by the suppression of osteoblastogenesis and the inability to form bone8. The inhibition of the Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) which is a key transcription factor responsible for osteoblast differentiation is largely implicated in multiple myeloma4. Runx2 stimulates the generation of the bone formation markers alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN) and collagen during early osteoblast differentiation9,10. Transgenic mice without the Runx2 gene exhibit a lack of osteoblast formation causing the arrest of both endochondral and intramembranous ossification11. The upregulation of bone resorption and a decrease in bone mass is a common feature of multiple myeloma, presenting clinically as lytic bone lesions12.

The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (2012), recommends Prevnar vaccination for subjects aged ≥65 y and for those aged 50–64 y at high risk for specific health conditions, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, nephropathies, hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Assaad, El-Masri, Porhomayon, & El-Solh, 2012). For the purpose of launching the scholarly project, I chose the 50 and over adult population ( with comorbid conditions including asthma, COPD and diabetes) because this is the identified patient population who are mostly unaware about the need for Prevnar vaccination.

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, is the disease that affects children the most and because of the abnormal cells that are immature white blood cells which cannot help the body fight infections cause children with the disease to often get infections and have fevers (National Cancer Institute, 2002, p. 1). The symptoms that the patient with ALL may have depend on the number of abnormal cells of the patient where exactly the cells collect. Children patients with ALL have low amounts of healthy red blood cells and platelets, which cause less oxygen to be carried through the body because of the lack of red blood cells. Patients at times may look pale, feel weak, and tired causing bleeding and bruising very easily because of their lack of enough platelets. This condition is called anemia. Anemia is very much common in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Fever, fatigue, bone or joint pain, tiny red spots under the skin called petechiae are a couple of symptoms that the disease ALL has. Headaches with, or without vomiting also may occur if patient happens to have abnormal cells collecting in the brain or spinal cord (National Cancer Institute, 2002 para. 2).

To travel from my home in Ocoee to the main campus of the University of Central Florida is about a thirty minute drive. Travelling to the Moffitt Cancer Center in Tampa takes about an hour and a half or two hours max. The journey through the diagnoses, four chemo treatments, and being involved in a clinical trial that may or may cure Acute Myeloid Leukemia has taken one year, one month, and ten days and counting. I regard this past year as the building of true endurance and perseverance of hope and good spirits. It has been a truly humbling journey as well, experiencing first hand the sacrifice of supporting a loved one with leukemia.

Myeloma is a cancerous disease whose cause is plasma cells, which are one of the four major components that make up blood in a human body. Manufacture of the plasma takes place in the bone marrow and the main function of the plasma is help the body fight infections. Multiple myeloma is another name for myeloma in fact it is the more recognized name. The plasma of a healthy human body is responsible for the production of antibodies, which fight disease-causing infections. The plasma of a diseased human body with myeloma causes the uncontrollable multiplication of these plasma cells. The myeloma affects these plasma cells to extent that they start to produce one antibody, which is nonfunctioning

Myelopathy Gait Chronic spinal cord compression causes myelopathy. Myelopathy is when a person losses their equilibrium with pitiable synchronization, diminished dexterity of the hands, turgid limitation and detachment in a non-dermatomal configuration. The person will also annotation that they are maladroit and will often decline things. Some noticeable things would include the script has changed, how they button buttons, zip zippers ect.

ALL is an overproduction of premature white blood cells , called lymphoblasts or leukemic blasts. These cells crowd the bone marrow preventing it from making normal blood cells. They can also spill out into the bloodstream and circulate around the body. Due to their immaturity, these cells are unable to function properly to prevent or fight an infection. Inadequate numbers of red blood cells and platelets being made by the bone marrow. This causes anaemia, and easy bleeding and bruising.

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia is a scary disease. The term “acute” means the disease can quickly spread and progress quickly and can prove fatal in months if left untreated. “Lymphocytic” simply means that it develops from immature forms of lymphocytes. Also known as Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, or ALL for short, it is a type of cancer that starts from the early form of white blood cells called lymphocytes in the bone marrow. ALL is the most common form of cancer in children, though adults can get it as well. For children, treatment results in a good chance of a cure. Adults have a significantly smaller chance of a cure with ALL. ALL generally invades the blood very quickly and has the potential to spread to other body parts such as the spleen,

Symptoms include easily bruising, fatigue, and weakness. Although these symptoms are much more similar to the condition leukemia, aplastic anemia is not a type of cancer, it’s a condition in the bone marrow that lowers the number of white blood cells, platelets and red blood cells produced. Due to this reason many organs in the body suffers from not getting an adequate amount of oxygen. Another problem this condition causes to the body is the ability to fight various infections, due to the low amount of white blood cells produced, the body is unable to kill some types of infections. This condition vastly impacts to the function of the immune system which weakens a person immune systems overtime. The condition aplastic anemia is linked to chemotherapy drugs, various chemicals and viral infections hepatitis and monucleosis. The treatment for aplastic anemia includes blood transfusion and bone marrow transplantation. The bone marrow transplant is done only if the case is severe. When the condition of the patient is severe, doctors would suggest stem cell transplant as it is the only successful treatment available for the who are suffering with this condition. The stem cell transplant helps the bone to rebuild the marrow which will enable the it to go back to normal and to produce normal levels of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. The treatment carries risks where after the

Jack woke up one morning not feeling well. He felt very weak and could not get out of bed. His mother decided to take him to the doctors. The doctors took many tests to figure out what was making him feel that way. After about an hour or two the doctors got the results back from a blood test. Results that would change Jack’s childhood for the worse. Jack has been diagnosed with Leukemia, a blood cancer. Of course, Jack was not sure what that meant but, his parents became worried beyond belief with the long road ahead of them. Scientists and researchers were all involved in the discovery of Leukemia cancer, which increased knowledge of this cancer, decreased deaths and discovered treatments, and started charity groups to fund research.

Geoffrey Chaucer, The Author of the Canterbury Tales, is known as the Father of English Literature and is one of the greatest English Poets of the Middle Ages. Chaucer was a soldier, a diplomat, a civil servant, and a courtier, enabling him to experience different aspects of each social ranking, which he demonstrated through his poetry. The Canterbury Tales, his most famous work, is a collection of short stories within a frame story, making for an interesting and memorable narrative about 29 pilgrims and their journey to Canterbury. Chaucer included a variation of personalities, which helped to define each of the social classes in The Middle Ages. Each character were to tell two tales on the journey to Canterbury and two tales returning from Canterbury. Chaucer portrays charitable characteristics through the Plowman and the Parson and opposite traits such as selfishness and corrupt behavior through the Monk, Manciple, Friar and Pardoner. Chaucer combined each social class to exemplify the differences of each character, whether charitable or selfish, which shed light to the discrepancy between how one acts versus how one is perceived.