Muscular Dystrophy Research Paper

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is a disease which causes skeletal muscle to waste away, this wasting of muscle is caused by a mutation of the dystrophin gene (Meregalli et al., 2013, p. 4251).

Duchenne muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is the most common out of nine types of muscular dystrophy. This genetic disorder causes progressive muscular weakness, and deterioration due to the lack of a protein called Dystrophin. This protein keeps the muscles in tack, so when it's missing, the muscles slowly break down. (MDA, 2015)

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, referred to as DMD, is the most severe form of all muscular dysrophies. It is rapidly progressive and occurs primary in boys. DMD is caused by a recessive mutation in the X chromosome. It can be inherited by either parent however, it can also be present with no family members having the mutation. DMD is caused by a lack of dystrophin. Dystrophin is a protein found in muscles that enables the muscle tissues to repair themselves.

When looking at a potential therapy or cure, it is important to recognize exactly how the disease affects the body. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is one of the most severe myopathies, or muscle diseases (Cacchiarelli et al). To be diagnosed with DMD, a patient must have a mutation in the dystrophin gene present (Muscular Dystrophy Association). Moreover, that mutation in the gene is what causes the lack of dystrophin synthesis. Dystrophin is protein in the body that keeps the muscles intact (Muscular Dystrophy Association). Therefore, a lack of dystrophin causes the muscles to deteriorate; which is identified as dystrophy. When the body lacks strong healthy muscle, it does not only become weak; the body itself begins to shut down. Our organs depend on the muscles that allow us to walk, eat, and breathe to provide energy, nutrients, and oxygen. For this reason, DMD eventually leads to a short life.

Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy is a recessive muscle disorder that will affect 1 in 3500 newborn boys. Early death is caused by progressive muscle wasting. The disease is caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. Mutations in the dystrophin gene can occur, but the life span is normally longer in patients. In this journal the research was too administer injections of PRO051 for 5 weeks in 12 different patients and monitor changes in their RNA splicing and protein levels in the tibialis anterior muscle. 12 patients each performed a 6 minute walk a total of 3 different times to measure the affects that PRO051 had on the muscle fibers. The study concluded that the use of PRO051 in patients suffering from Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy had a modest

Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy, abbreviated MMD, is a disease that affects the muscles and organs of a body. To break Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy down, the word myotonic is the adjective for myotonia, which is an inability to relax muscles at will. Muscular dystrophy means the gradual muscle degeneration, which weakens and shrinks muscle tissue. Knowing the breakdown of MMD, this disease summed up means a person is restricted to relax their muscles at their own will whenever they would like ("Overview Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy"). MMD is also known as "Steinert Disease", which was named after a German doctor who first described the disorder in 1909 ("Facts About Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy").

Muscular dystrophy is a degenerating disease, in which the skeletal muscles degenerate, lose their strength, and cause increasing disability and deformity. Muscles attached to the bones through tendons are responsible for movement in the human body, however, in muscular dystrophy the muscles become progressively weak. As the muscle fibers

DMD occurs at a frequency of one per 3,500 live births (MD). Muscular Dystrophy (MD) is the name for a group of disorders where muscle size and strength decrease over time. (DMD) is a genetic disease that begins when the occupant is three. Most (MD) involve the muscle cells dying and then being replaced by fat and connective tissue. These muscles cells being replace by fat causes the muscles to weaken over time which makes (DMD) a degenerative disease. The end results is the patient loses all control over his or her muscles, is no longer able to walk, and eventually dies of respiratory failure.

Becker muscular dystrophy is a degenerative muscular disorder mainly affecting the voluntary muscles. This disease was named after the doctor who discovered it in the 1950s. BMD as it is called, affects the heart but not a severely as Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The symptoms of BMD usually start to affect the person during late childhood and adolescence. The first symptoms start with weakness in the legs and pelvis area , as well as the shoulders. It also affects the heart as the myocardium layer of heart muscle tissue slowly deteriorates. As the muscles become weaker, the patient may begin to waddle or walk on their toes to compensate for the weakness of the muscles. The respiratory system is usually the last system affected but eventually

Muscular Dystrophy, although not common, is a very dangerous condition. The many types can affect the many muscles you have in your body, and can cripple you at a very young age. Even though muscular dystrophy can be diagnosed early, it has no cure. Different types of muscular dystrophy have different treatments and therapies to help slow the effects of the disease,

Therefore, I'm gonna talk about the causes, the common types and the treatments for the Muscular Dystrophy.

Muscular dystrophy (MD) is a genetic disorder caused by incorrect or missing genetic information that leads to the gradual weakening of the muscle cells. Various causes lead to weak and deteriorating muscles depending on the type of muscular dystrophy the patient was affected by. However, there are many causes for muscular dystrophy due to the fact that there are thirty forms of muscular dystrophy, which are categorized under several categories. All are ultimately caused by autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, sex-linked, and random mutations in very rare cases.

This letter is about muscular dystrophy which is a big and dangerous disease, and that you need to organize and make more research about it in order to find cure. It is making muscles weaker and could cause death of cells and tissues( Diseases and Conditions Muscular dystrophy). Muscular Dystrophy has symptoms like progressive muscular wasting, calf deformation, drooping eyelids, atrophy, respiratory difficulty, Inability to walk, poor balance, frequent falls, waddling gait, scoliosis, limited range of movement, joint contractures, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, muscle spasms, gowers' sign, all of it is what people become after sometime and it need to be stopped somehow( NINDS Muscular Dystrophy Information Page). In addition it also has many

Muscular dystrophy is a hereditary condition marked by progressive weakening and wasting of the muscles. The main sign of muscular dystrophy is progressive muscle weakness. Specific symptoms start at different ages and in different muscle groups, depending on the type of muscular dystrophy. This disease can appear in infancy up to middle age or older. There are 9 major types of muscular dystrophy. Myotonic, Duchenne, Becker, limb-girdle, facioscapulohumeral, congenital, oculopharyngeal, distal, and emery-dreifuss. The diagnostic of muscular dystrophy can be found through a physical exam, family medical history, and tests. Furthermore, those include muscle biopsies, DNA testing, nerve conduction tests, and blood enzyme tests. Muscular dystrophy

Duchenne muscular dystrophy has a worldwide distribution, with a mean incidence of 1 per 3,500 male births (Clinical Pediatric Neurology, Pg. 180). The children lead a life ridden with difficulty and physical pain. While kids their age are seen running around playing, these boys rapidly loose functional use of their limbs. There are also many other problems associated with muscle wasting. To be sure that the child has the disease a muscle biopsy is usually done to check for dystrophin levels and confirm that the child does have DMD and not another disorder. Deterioration of