Multinational Corporations in China and Local Human Capital Development

This paper presents the results of the authors’ detailed research into competition between multinationals and local Chinese companies in 10 industries over the past five years. They conclude that local companies are now threatening multinationals’ plans to conquer the China market. They analyse this new competitive game in terms of a dynamic battle of competencies. Multinationals start off with better industry-specific technology and know-how, and a higher level of competence in key functions like marketing and financial management. Chinese companies enjoy a better understanding of the local market, lower

Globalization is a process that refers to the increased integration between different countries and economies as well as the increased impact of international influences on all aspects of life and economic activity. Over the last 50 years, globalization has had a tremendous impact on the Chinese economy. The impacts brought forth by globalization can be both positive and negative and effect both economic performance, economic growth and the development of China’s economy. Globalization is the main factor responsible for China’s significant growth that has taken place over the last two decades. However, globalization itself is not entirely responsible. The Chinese economy has also implemented strategies which have been very effective in promoting economic growth and development. These strategies include the implantation of“Open door policy”, “Reformation” of China’s agricultural system and joining the World Trade Organisation.

The successes are named as South Korea, Japan, and Taiwan. Malaysia and Thailand are considered to be moderately performing, but lagging behind. Finally, he classifies the Philippines and Indonesia as failures. The final section of the book is solely dedicated to China as it presents a unique case. China has developmental characteristics that are similar to both the successful countries of Northeast Asia as well as the poorer Southeastern Asian countries. China has made great progresses and overcome great disasters. It has worked closely alongside the World Bank and even receives technical support from it when needed. But not without paranoia, which has actually caused China to prosper. Unlike the northeastern countries, Chinese peasants do not own their own land as it is collectively owned and is not allowed to be sold under law. In modern times, China’s developmental plan is based off of recognizing the past failures associated with state-led growth, while allowing state companies to play an important role in its economy. Also, foreign owned companies play a large role because other countries outsource their labor needs to China because it is much cheaper. Overall, Studwell states that China’s government has set the stage for the enablement of rapid economic development. The author

Although the total size of China’s economy has grown at an astonishing pace, being the second largest economy in the world by now, its real GDP per capita does not tell the same story. China is still quite far behind most developed countries by this measure. The other problem facing both countries now is growing income

I found this article "Foreign direct investment: Companies rush in with the cash" on the financial times website (www.FT.com) published December 11, 2002 written by John Thornhill. The reason for choosing this article is my personal interest in the Chinese economy and its attractiveness to the foreign investors. Apart from the foreign direct investment this topic has also helped me in understanding the impact of Chinese economy on the global market.

The rise in China from a poor, stagnant country to a major economic power within a time span of twenty-eight years is often described by analysts as one of the greatest success stories in these present times. With China receiving an increase in the amount of trade business from many countries around the world, they may soon be a major competitor to surpass the U.S. China became the second largest economy, last year, overtaking Japan which had held that position since 1968 (Gallup). China could become the world’s largest economy in decades.

This essay aims to show the successful policies of Chinese government has used to increase the rate of economic growth from 1998 to 2006 and evaluate them. Economic growth rate is the percentage increase in output over a twelve-month period (Sloman, 2010: 562). From 2000 to 2007, China 's average growth rate was 9.2% in per year, and nearly 35% of world GDP growth (In term of PPP). As a big country, its population making up over one-fifth of the world 's population, but this rapid of growth is unprecedented (Fenby, 2008). Madison (1997) summarized the development history of the world economy of two hundred years, and considered that, in the long term, the big four factors determine the sustained high growth of output per person: technology、the accumulation of material capital、and accumulation of human capital.

Close to four decades ago, China’s economy was under centrally-controlled, stagnant and isolated from the global economy. Then everything changed after 1979 when the foreign trade investment and free market reform was implemented. Not long after it was implement China’s become the world 's fastest growing economy and now the largest economy in the world surpassing even United States. Today, China is focusing on a more sustainable growth pattern and implementing changes to industry and economic structure.

China is currently the 2nd largest economy in the world, trailing the us and set to overtake the us economy by 2024 according to the IMF. GDP of china has grown extensively over the past three decades and have contributed to large scale growth in exports and imports, technological advancements, health, and more. The acceleration of globalisation was due to two major advancements, the first was the economic reforms of 1978 when china ‘opened the country’ and the joining of the WTO in 2001. China is classified as a socialist economy currently being ruled by a communist government. China’s current growth rate for GDP is recorded as being 7.7% in 2013 and has continued to slowdown over recent years due to a global economic slowdown.

The next strength which is related to the high population is, that China provides both a qualified and executing workforce to the labour market. Furthermore, we can say that relative cheap labour costs remains attractive for foreign investors despite their rapid growth. Investors should remain wary of this fact. Two-thirds of European companies are still achieving a positive return from their business activities in China. There is still a trend for countries to invest more in China, as it is still classified as an emerging nation. In conclusion, it is still attractive for manufacturers to outsource their production to China in order to take advantage of their relatively low labour rates, lowering their variable costs and thus boosting profits.

Over the last 50 years, china has experienced a meteoric growth economically to become one of the world’s most industrialized and modernized countries. One of the reasons for this accelerated growth of the country’s economy is the decision by the authorities to adopt an open economy aimed at tapping the benefits of globalization. During this period of economic growth, the country has progressively moved from a predominant agrarian society steeped in traditions to an industrialized and modernized society. This transformation has led to improvement of standards of living and increased industrial output, hence propelling the growth of China’s economy. This has not been without the conscious efforts by the government to undermine traditions in

Following entry to the WTO, the Chinese government increased the level of protection and support it provided to the private sector and SMEs; this has led to many growth opportunities for SMEs, and made the private sector the most dynamic in the Chinese economy. Indeed, WTO membership has helped increase the speed at which the Chinese government has adopted a series of reform measures aimed at changing the country from a highly-centralized planned state to a socialist market economy. This has thus given SMEs an increased role: one that is socio-political as well as economic (Anderson et al. 2003). This has led to increased opportunities due to the large number of national and local newspapers and publishers that are arising from China's growing economy and importance on the world stage. Indeed, news reports, stories and articles about successful Chinese entrepreneurs and SMEs are frequently headline news in many local newspapers (Siu, 2005), which not only encourages further entrepreneurship, but also encourages Chinese citizens to use their local SME, ahead of foreign competitors.

Developing country MNCs may have more experience as they used to doing so at home where home governments do not supply them goods. Therefore, MNCs may suffer for the ineffectiveness of the government which can lead to unexpected cost and also size of the operations being limited in the country. LDCs have lower government effectiveness which causes the government systems and establishments are slow and politically dependant, thus lead to lack of high quality of public goods.

The extraordinary economic growth of China in the past 30 years is a miracle in many aspects. China has the second highest GDP in the world after the United States, and it is expecting that to surpass the American economy by 2025 (Zhao, 2014). Comparing the GDP of 2012 and 1978, there was a 142 times increase. The GDP per capita has increase 101 times as well. It has lifted more than 500 million people out of poverty (Zhao, 2014). This economic miracle is credited to the economic reforms that started in 1978, which in many ways, learned from the experiences of the model of developmental state in Korea and Japan. These series of reforms put China’s economy back to track after the Great Leap Forward, a failed and catastrophic social and economic campaign between 1958 and 1961, and the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, a devastating turmoil between 1966 and 1976. The extraordinary economic growth of China in the past 30 years is a miracle in many aspects. China has the second highest GDP in the world after the United States, and it is expecting that to surpass the American economy by 2025 (Zhao, 2014). Comparing the GDP of 2012 and 1978, there was a 142 times increase. The GDP per capita has increase 101 times as well. It has lifted more than 500 million people out of poverty (Zhao, 2014). This economic miracle is credited to Deng Xiaoping, one of the greatest leaders and reformists in China. He initiated a series of neoliberal economic

In emerging markets, local governments and other regulatory bodies are far more influential than in developed-country market systems. Therefore, government policies have significant effects on the competitive environment that firms operate in and many firms are expanding their efforts to affect public policy decisions for their own profits and benefits (Hillman and Hitt, 1999). According to Arnold and Quelch (1998), international businesses that had the early establishment of relationships and trust with government can result in substantial benefits such as the granting of limited number of licenses or permits. For example, China has decided to restrict the number of western multinational companies to which it gives joint-venture permits as well as entry to