Essay On Motivational Interviewing

Psychologists William Miller, PhD. and Stephen Rollnick, PhD. developed the counseling approach known as Motivational Interviewing (MI). Motivational Interviewing evolved out of experience in the treatment of persons who were problem drinkers, and was first described by Miller in 1983. In 1991 Miller and Rollnick provided these techniques as a method that promotes and engages intrinsic motivation within the client in order to change behavior. MI is a client-centered counseling style that is goal -directed and brings about behavior change by helping clients to explore and resolve ambivalence. Traditional Rogerian client-centered therapy does not guide or direct or focus in the way that MI therapists do to influence individuals to consider making changes, instead of non-directively explore themselves.

Motivational interviewing is a way of conducting and occupy the essential motivation within the client in order to change behavior. It is “an efficient and collaborative style of clinical interaction that can boost the effectiveness of the therapeutic alliance” (Jellinek, Henderson, Dilallo, & Weiss, 2009, p.108). Motivational

The idea of motivational interviewing builds on Rogers' theories about people having freedom of choice and changing through the process of self-actualisation (Davidson, 1994). Miller and Rollnik (1991) describe it as a technique in which the heath practitioner becomes a helper in the change process while expressing acceptance of their client. A central goal of motivational interviewing, says Geldard & Geldard (2012), is to help resolve the ambivalence which prevents clients from realising their personal goals and to facilitate positive change. Motivational interviewing is mostly utilised to counsel those troubled by addiction (not just substance, but also behaviours).

The spirit of motivational interviewing (MI), which entails collaboration, evocation and autonomy, is the fundamental approach to elicit intrinsic motivations (1, 2). Throughout the video, the therapist appears to have applied the MI spirit in accordance with Miller and Rollnick (2). The therapist firstly created an encouraging atmosphere for change by monitoring and accommodating the client’s aspirations (collaboration). The therapist then evoked the client’s motivation through their perceptions, goals and values (evocation) and also informed about the right for self-direction leading to commitment to change (Autonomy). However, to sustain the MI spirit, a breakdown of the requirements will be discussed below.

Afterwards, the essential concepts and methods were later particularized by Miller and Stephen Rollnick, Ph.D., in 1991. This involved a more comprehensive description of the clinical procedures of motivational interviewing. Motivational Interviewing is a directive, client-centered counseling style for eliciting behavior change by helping clients to explore and resolve ambivalence (Miller & Rollnick, 1991). Motivational Interviewing is goal directed and more focused when compared with nondirective therapies. The central purpose is to examine and resolve ambivalence, with an intentionally directive therapist to carry out this goal (Miller & Rollnick, 1991).

When conducting an interview I carefully read the contact with other. I knew I was interviewing someone from a different culture so I had to understand the ethnic community she was from which was Hispanic. I also was very focused on the professional self-disclosure because we were talking about a lot of personal things. I tried to humanize our relationship before I asked tough questions, this helps to create a sense of bonding. I was also very careful of my communication style, I always wanted to ask her questions in a positive manner and I was always actively listening to her responses.

McCabe C. (2004) Nurse-patient communication: an exploration of patients’ experiences. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 13, 41-49.

A thematic analysis of an interview was used to help students develop an understanding of the role of an RC. This role is dynamic and challenging; it offers great opportunities to grow and work in an academic team based environment that fosters constant learning. Often RCs play a significant role in the process of bringing a project from conception to completion which requires a variety of qualifications and leadership qualities. An inductive approach to this process, beginning with data collection and analysis, allowed me to consider specific aspects of the topic and progress on to more general concepts. Eventually, I was able to discover connections between existing knowledge and the data I analyzed. The finalized themes included Qualifications; Role of Team Leader; Rewards and Challenges.

This closely simulated a patient interaction with candid answers and the presence of other family members. It was most challenging to calculate the responsive statement to use while maintaining the direction of the interview. Motivational interviewing techniques employed in this interaction include the use of open ended questions to encourage change talk from the patient, affirmation of the patient’s honesty and accountability, reflective statements to show active listening and to illicit further change talk from the patient, and the use of summarization to communicate the patient’s identified growth (Miller & Rollnick, 2013). Transcending these techniques was the spirit of motivational interviewing that communicated acceptance to the patient, guiding versus directing communication, and the support of self-efficacy (Miller & Rollnick, 2013). This was done by first asking permission to discuss the topic and was then carried through the

Motivational interviewing recognizes and accepts the fact that clients who need to make changes in their lives approach counseling at different levels of readiness to change their behavior. During counseling, some patient may have thought about it but not taken steps to change it while some especially those voluntarily seeking counseling, may be actively trying to change their behavior and may have been doing so unsuccessfully for years. In order

*For the purpose of this assignment and to keep the privacy of participates, the interviewee will be addressed as such, or as Person A.

Motivational interviewing is a counseling approach that was studied and understood as an applicable theory of practice that would be beneficial in the environment where I currently work which is an alcohol treatment facility. Whereas, it is understood that clinical and applied aspects of Motivational Interviewing (MI) have shown effective as a relatively brief intervention (Levensky, Cavasos, & Brooks, 2008), especially those dealing with an alcohol dependency. According to Miller and Roderick, MI, has been defined mostly as a directive, client centered counseling approach for eliciting behavior change by helping clients to explore and resolve ambivalence. In addition, with its goal-orientated approach it can help break down resistance to change (Corey, 2013, pp. 191-194). This theoretical approach is the most favored for the environment in my profession of choice, in addition, integrating it with the practice of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) which is already in use.

"Motivational interviewing is an evidenced-based counseling approach that health care providers can use to help patients adhere to treatment recommendations. It emphasizes using a directive, patient-centered style of interaction to promote behavioral change by helping patients explore and resolve ambivalence" (Levensky et al., 2007). Motivational interviewing is a highly individualized therapeutic approach that is client centered and encourages clients to explore the reasons for any maladaptive behavior and then make changes. However, it is also a directed form of therapy, so that the counselor takes a more active role than in some forms of client-centered therapy. However, it is not a confrontational form of therapy; rather than engaging in hostile interactions with clients, the counselor takes an empathic approach and helps the client identify areas of ambivalence and make plans to change those areas. In this way, motivational interviewing can be considered a goal-directed therapy because it is not sufficient for the clients to gain understanding; they are also meant to make changes based on what they find. Furthermore, while the counselor may take a passive role in some therapeutic approaches, the counselor is more active in motivational interviewing. The counselor's job is to encourage the client to make changes.

Often called micro counseling skills, OARS is a brief way to remember the basic approach used in Motivational Interviewing. Open Ended Questions, Affirmations, Reflections, and Summaries are core counselor behaviors employed to move the process forward by establishing a therapeutic alliance and eliciting discussion about change. Clients’ level of motivation change anytime during the process of intervention, counselor/therapist have to be sensitive enough to aware the change and apply the appropriate skills at appropriate time to facilitate clients to move towards their desired

Motivational Interviewing (MI) refers to a client centred counselling approach, which is directed to enhance motivation in an individual for behaviour change Miller & Rollnick (as cited in Christopher & Dougher, 2009). MI as a method understands and accepts that the clients are at different levels of readiness to change their behavior. It consistently focuses on goals to prepare the client for transformation by providing motivation for commitment to change (Bricker & Tollison, 2011) in the domains of substance abuse, addiction and risky health problems. It proceeds to make the client aware of the causes, consequences and risks that could be a result of the behavior. Through this, the client foresees the possibilities of enhancement and becomes motivated to achieve it (Jenson, Cushing, Aylward, Craig, Sorell & Steel, 2011). MI is coherent with the