Module 4 DBA notes

Combustion Reaction: A chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidizing agent that produces heat.

The energy released during combustion reactions goes into the surrounding atmosphere because the energy does not disappear it simply goes into the atmosphere of a surrounding area. For example, during the Cheeto experiment the fire being released is the energy but when the fire is out the rest of that energy is moved onto its surrounding like people and the air. One observation that I made during my experiment was when the mass of Cheeto was too big and when the Cheeto began to burn it released its energy onto the can which heated the water inside and that also created energy because the water releases steam and that goes into the air and the people around it. The fire being released wasn't always as expected because if the Cheeto was too big

2. a) Liquid nitrogen boiling at -196°C is a physical property because it describes the boiling point of a substance, which is also when it changes state. A change of state, from a liquid to a gas, is a physical property because there is no new substance being created.

Reactants collide with each other so new bonds between atoms in the reactants are broken, and atoms rearrange and form new bonds to make new products

| Combustion product reacted by becoming cold, dissolving, and no gas formation with an end product is clear colorless solution.

This is a chemical change because a new color is created and it is exciting the electrons. Burning is a chemical reaction because there is a new substance being created. There is also a color change and that is another way to tell that it was a chemical reaction. A new substance was made this is why it was a chemical change. If you take ice for example and melt it turns into a liquid. This is not a chemical change because it is still water just in a different form nothing new is created. Unlike when the salt solutions are burned and something totally new is created/

Neither matter nor energy is created or destroyed in a chemical reaction only changed. This experiment is a decomposition reaction a more complex substance breaks down into its more simple parts. One reactant yields 2 or more products.

The purpose of the lab was to determine the ratio of air to acetylene results in complete combustion of acetylene gas. The balanced chemical equation for this experiment was C2H2(g) + O2(g) --> CO2(g)+ H2O(l). Complete combustion is the reaction of an element or compound with oxygen to produce the most common oxides and energy. Complete combustion occurs when the fuel and oxygen combine in exact proportions to completely burn the fuel, which leaves a clean test tube. Incomplete combustion is the reaction of an element or compound with oxygen to produce some oxides with less oxygen than the most common oxides. Incomplete combustion occurs when there is not enough oxygen to react

Charcoal is the most commonly used fuel in fireworks. The fuel loses electrons (a negatively charged subatomic particle.) to atoms within the oxidiser. During this process, bonds are formed between the fuel and oxygen atoms forming a stable product. A small amount of energy is required to start combustion of this fuel-oxidiser compound. When combustion starts, the result is a release of energy

The energy that comes from the combustion from either ethanol or petrol comes from burning these hydrocarbons in order for the oxygen from the air to combine and combust (See Ethanol and the Environment for more). Energy is produced when the hydrocarbon bonds between the carbon and the hydrogen and

Physical changes can be seen through an altering of the substances physical property. A substances physical property is observed and measured without changing the composition of the subject. Descriptive words that would help to identify a substance’s physical property include hard, soft, brittle, flexible, heavy, and light just to name a few.

When dealing with chemical reaction there are equations called chemical equations. Chemical equations give the reactants and products of a chemical reaction. When given just the reactants of an equation, you can predict the products by balancing each side of the equation. The products and reactions are separated by an rnx arrow

Syngas is a gas mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, which are products from gasfireing any hydrocarbon material such as coal at a high pressure and temperature, 30 bar and 1500 °K. The present of the oxygen is the primary difference between gasification and combustion. When a feed gasfire, the oxygen or air is injected in small amount allowing part of the feed to burn completely which supply the required heat and pressure, then, the heat will break down the feed into synthesis gas (Higman & Burgt, 2003). This process consists of six main reactions:

There is also an incomplete combustion, meaning it is burned in an air lacking oxygen. If the oxygen is not enough, the carbons turn to carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide is very harmful to living organisms.

Human activities, for instance, burning of fossil fuels lead to the release of greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere. The gasses build up in the air holding in more heat. Coal, oil, and natural gas have a high content of carbon. When these fossil fuels are burned, they produce an enormous quantity of carbon dioxide. For example, when a gallon full of gasoline is burned, the carbon dioxide discharged into the atmosphere is about 19 pounds. Since the Industrial Revolution, the amount of carbon dioxide that has been tracked coming from burning of oil,