Mitochondria Lab Report

The genes which encode for the mitochondria’s component proteins are in 2 separate genetic systems in 2 different locations. One of which is the cell nucleus, but the other is inside the organelle itself. There are relatively few genes inside the

The mitochondria is an organelle of a cell. It works as it was the digestive system, it’s in charge of obtaining the nutrients, then break them down, and finally, all that work is for maintaining the cell full of energy, so they would be as the power plants of the cell. The mitochondria are in charge of creating 90% of the energy that our bodies need so it can sustain life and support our growth. The mitochondria are small organelles that floats all through the cell. Some cells have many, lots of mitochondria, but others just have none; for example, the muscle cells need a lot of energy, so they contain lots of mitochondria, otherwise, neurons don’t need as much. Depending of the quantity of energy that the cell needs, mitochondria could be created.

The control and mitochondrial-free fractions had high concentrations of DCIP and low enzyme activities compared to the mitochondria fractions. The mitochondria fraction had higher enzyme activity and low concentration of DCIP compared to the inhibited mitochondria with malanote fraction and the fractions without any mitochondria. Introduction: The mitochondrion is an important part of the basic plant and animal cell, serving a function as a main

retains the bacteria’s characteristics and an outer layer that keep characteristics of the cell that engulfed it. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are very similar in size to prokaryotes. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA and lack histone proteins, the DNA is circular and

Mitochondria generate chemical energy, similar to the type of energy you get from a battery. The energy made by the mitochondria is in the form of a chemical called adenosine triphosphate or ATP for short. ATP is an energy currency that every cell in our body can use and

Each cell contains hundreds to thousands of mitochondria (1), which are located in the fluid that surrounds the nucleus called cytoplasm. Mitochondria are organelles within cells that convert the energy from food into a form that cells can use. Mitochondria produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation which is the final stage of cellular respiration. During oxidative phosphorylation, an electron transport chain works in conjunction with chemiosmosis to create energy molecules named adenosine triphosphate (ATP) using oxygen and simple sugars. In the electron transport chain, an electrochemical gradient is formed by the chemical gradient from the inside to the outside of a mitochondrion counteracting with the electrical gradient from the outside to the inside of the mitochondrion. During chemiosmosis, the energy stored in the gradient is used to make ATP.

Fig. 5 A. Mean number of mitochondria/µm2 ± SEM within 80 µm of the soma for wildtype mitochondria (WT - red) and Rett syndrome mitochondria (RTT – blue), both after 10 days in vitro. B. Mean number of mitochondria/µm2 ± SEM within 16-32, 32-48, 48-64 and 64-80 µm of the soma for wildtype

This lab was focused on the idea of isolating the nucleus and mitochondria found in cells. It will also test and determine the precision of the techniques used for isolation, by the assaying of a specific enzyme known as succinate dehydrogenase. Succinate dehydrogenase, an enzyme, is chosen due to the fact that it is almost exclusively found in the mitochondria. Thus by testing for it in the various cell fractions, we can observe just how precise the isolation techniques were. Unless contaminated, the succinate dehydrogenase enzyme should only be found in the mitochondrial faction; which indicates flaws in the isolation process of the various organelles.

Mitochondrion’s most important job is to produce energy through cellular respiration. Mitochondria does this by taking in nutrients from the cell itself, breaking it down and then turning it into energy. Then, the energy gathered is utilised by the cell to carry out various functions, hence this organelle is also known as the ‘powerhouse’ of the cell. Its purpose is to keep the cell full of energy.

In humans, our mitochondria come from the cytoplasm of the ovum, or egg cell. Unlike nuclear DNA, which comes from both parents, mitochondrial comes only from our mother. We inherit our mitochondrial DNA from

On the planet, Earth, prokaryotic and eukaryotic are the two major types of cells. Prokaryotic cells are defined as cells with genetic material and cell chemicals all enclosed within a cell wall, and having no defined organelles or nucleus (except ribosomes). Organisms in this group are small in size and mainly consist of bacteria. Eukaryotic cells, however, are defined as having a ‘’true’’ nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, and chromosomes. The nucleus of eukaryotic cells houses the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and directs the synthesis of proteins and ribosomes. Prokaryotic cells, however, are much older cells as these cells are quite ancient and were the only form on planet Earth for billions of years, soon giving birth to eukaryotic cells 1.5 billion years ago.

Measurement of mitochondrial GSH content The amount of mitochondria GSH was evaluated by spectrophotometer device and DTNB as an indicator. The mitochondrial samples were incubated for 1 hour with several concentrations of uranyl acetate at 30 °C. Then, 0.1 ml of isolated mitochondria was added into DTNB (0.04%) and phosphate buffers (0.1 Mol/l) in a total volume of 3.0 ml (pH 7.4). The ultimate yellow color was read on a spectrophotometer apparatus (UV-1601 PC, Shimadzu, Japan) At 412 nm.

The hub of energy metabolism, the mitochondrion, is found in virtually all eukaryotic cells, with the exception being erythrocytes. The mitochondrion generates cellular energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), mostly by means of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system that is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The respiratory chain (CI-CIV) and ATP synthase (CV) is collectively known as the OXPHOS system, encoded by both nuclear DNA (nDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The number of mitochondria per cell, ranging from hundreds to thousands, is controlled by the energy requirements of specific tissues with the greatest abundance of mitochondria found in metabolic active tissue (Pieczenik and Neustadt, 2007). Mitochondrial disease is caused when there is a defect in any of the numerous mitochondrial pathways, due to spontaneous or inherited mutations. Respiratory chain deficiencies (RCDs) are the largest subgroup of mitochondrial disease and occur when one of the four respiratory chain complexes become impaired. RCDs are considered to be one of the most common

The shape of the mitochondria perfectly allows it to produce at their best. They are made of two membranes. The membrane on the inside folds over many times and creates cristae, a layered structure. The membrane on the outside acts like skin, and covers the organelle. Inside the mitochondria, there is a contained liquid called matrix. In the matrix we can find ribosomes and floating DNA. We can also find here granules, which are structures which may control concentrations of ions. The surface area inside the organelle increases due to the folding of the inner membrane. Many of the chemical reactions that occur in the mitochondria take place in the inner membrane, so this increased surface area gives more space for the chemical reactions to occur. It´s like this, you can get more work done if you have more space to do the work. We can observe similar strategies involving surface area in the microvilli in our intestines.

The mitochondria is known as the “power house” of a cell that functions at the site of respiration. Within the inner membrane, ATP synthesis occurs which provides energy to the cell and it other parts. Without function of a mitochondria, a cell would die; it has no energy to repair itself, has no energy to transport molecules across the membrane, transport nutrients, send signals to other cells, or any other processes. Metabolism, release of energy, movement, or forming new nucleotides would not occur simply because energy is not available.